Marine megafauna interactions with small-scale fisheries in the southwestern Indian Ocean: a review of status and challenges for research and management
Marine megafauna interactions with small-scale fisheries in the southwestern Indian Ocean: a review of status and challenges for research and management
复制标题
西南印度洋海洋巨型动物与小型渔业的相互作用：研究和管理的现状和挑战回顾
DOI：
10.1007/s11160-017-9494-x
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
P. Berggren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrew J. Temple;J. Kiszka;S. Stead;N. Wambiji;A. Brito;Christopher Poonian;O. Amir;N. Jiddawi;S. Fennessy;S. Pérez‐Jorge;P. Berggren
在发展中地区，沿海社区在粮食安全和收入方面尤其依赖小规模渔业。然而，关于小规模渔业的规模及其对沿海海洋生态系统影响的信息往往匮乏。大型海洋脊椎动物（海洋哺乳动物、海龟和软骨鱼纲动物）常常是因渔业活动而首先出现数量下降的物种。本文综述了西南印度洋小规模渔业与脆弱的海洋巨型动物之间的相互作用。我们强调迫切需要在区域层面上对小规模渔业以及受其影响的巨型动物进行恰当的记录、监测和评估，以便为基于证据的渔业管理提供信息。渔获量和上岸量数据通常质量和分辨率较差，成分数据（如果有的话）大多是传闻性质的，或者严重偏向于容易识别的物种。对渔业捕捞努力量的了解也有限，其中大部分依赖于不适合进行恰当评估的指标。管理策略（如果存在的话）往往是在没有有力证据基础或不了解渔民对资源依赖程度的情况下制定的。因此，无法有效评估这些物种群体的现状并确保其可持续性；有迹象表明在一些地区存在过度捕捞的情况。为了解决这些问题，需要政府和非政府组织、独立研究人员和机构以及小规模渔业利益相关者之间采取区域协作的方法。结合良好的治理实践，可以制定适当且有效的基于证据的管理措施，以维持这些资源、它们与之内在相连的海洋生态系统以及依赖它们的沿海社区的生计。
In developing regions, coastal communities are particularly dependent on small-scale fisheries for food security and income. However, information on the scale and impacts of small-scale fisheries on coastal marine ecosystems are frequently lacking. Large marine vertebrates (marine mammals, sea turtles and chondrichthyans) are often among the first species to experience declines due to fisheries. This paper reviews the interactions between small-scale fisheries and vulnerable marine megafauna in the southwestern Indian Ocean. We highlight an urgent need for proper documentation, monitoring and assessment at the regional level of small-scale fisheries and the megafauna affected by them to inform evidence-based fisheries management. Catch and landings data are generally of poor quality and resolution with compositional data, where available, mostly anecdotal or heavily biased towards easily identifiable species. There is also limited understanding of fisheries effort, most of which relies on metrics unsuitable for proper assessment. Management strategies (where they exist) are often created without strong evidence bases or understanding of the reliance of fishers on resources. Consequently, it is not possible to effectively assess the current status and ensure the sustainability of these species groups; with indications of overexploitation in several areas. To address these issues, a regionally collaborative approach between government and non-governmental organisations, independent researchers and institutions, and small-scale fisheries stakeholders is required. In combination with good governance practices, appropriate and effective, evidence-based management can be formulated to sustain these resources, the marine ecosystems they are intrinsically linked to and the livelihoods of coastal communities that are tied to them.