Climate warming from managed grasslands cancels the cooling effect of carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands.
Climate warming from managed grasslands cancels the cooling effect of carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands.
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来自受管理草原的气候变暖抵消了稀少放牧和自然草原上碳汇的降温效果。
DOI：
10.1038/s41467-020-20406-7
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发表时间：
2021-01-05
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Zhu D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chang J;Ciais P;Gasser T;Smith P;Herrero M;Havlík P;Obersteiner M;Guenet B;Goll DS;Li W;Naipal V;Peng S;Qiu C;Tian H;Viovy N;Yue C;Zhu D
草原吸收和释放二氧化碳(CO2)，放牧牲畜排放甲烷(CH4)，土壤排放一氧化二氮(N2O)。关于这三种温室气体在世界各地管理和自然草原的排放如何导致过去的气候变化，或者管理牧场与自然草原的作用，人们知之甚少。在这里，估计了1750至2012年间草原温室气体完全平衡的全球趋势和区域模式。应用一种新的空间显式陆面模型，将人类活动对土地管理的直接影响与气候变化、二氧化碳增加和区域氮沉积变化的间接影响分开。直接的人类管理活动被模拟为导致草原从一个汇变成温室气体的来源，因为牲畜数量的增加和自然土地向牧场的加速转化。然而，气候变化驱动因素在土壤有机质中贡献了净碳汇，主要是由于增加了二氧化碳和氮沉积而提高了草原的生产力。所有草原的净辐射强迫目前接近于中性，但自20世纪60年代以来一直在增加。在这里，我们表明，管理草原导致的全球净气候变暖抵消了稀少放牧和自然草原的碳汇造成的净气候降温。面对未来的气候变化和对畜产品需求的增加，这些研究结果突出表明，需要使用可持续管理来保存和加强草原的土壤碳储存，并减少管理草原的温室气体排放。草原和生活在那里的牲畜是温室气体的动态源和汇，但控制这些排放的因素仍然缺乏特征。在这里，作者表明，在全球层面上，由于管理系统与自然系统的抵消作用，草原是气候中性的。
Grasslands absorb and release carbon dioxide (CO2), emit methane (CH4) from grazing livestock, and emit nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils. Little is known about how the fluxes of these three greenhouse gases, from managed and natural grasslands worldwide, have contributed to past climate change, or the roles of managed pastures versus natural grasslands. Here, global trends and regional patterns of the full greenhouse gas balance of grasslands are estimated for the period 1750 to 2012. A new spatially explicit land surface model is applied, to separate the direct effects of human activities from land management and the indirect effects from climate change, increasing CO2 and regional changes in nitrogen deposition. Direct human management activities are simulated to have caused grasslands to switch from a sink to a source of greenhouse gas, because of increased livestock numbers and accelerated conversion of natural lands to pasture. However, climate change drivers contributed a net carbon sink in soil organic matter, mainly from the increased productivity of grasslands due to increased CO2 and nitrogen deposition. The net radiative forcing of all grasslands is currently close to neutral, but has been increasing since the 1960s. Here, we show that the net global climate warming caused by managed grassland cancels the net climate cooling from carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands. In the face of future climate change and increased demand for livestock products, these findings highlight the need to use sustainable management to preserve and enhance soil carbon storage in grasslands and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from managed grasslands. Grasslands, and the livestock that live there, are dynamic sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, but what controls these fluxes remains poorly characterized. Here the authors show that on the global level, grasslands are climate neutral owing to the cancelling effects of managed vs. natural systems.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023
发表时间：
2018-02-01
期刊：
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
Abdalla M;Hastings A;Chadwick DR;Jones DL;Evans CD;Jones MB;Rees RM;Smith P
通讯作者：
Smith P
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Balesdent, Jerome;Basile-Doelsch, Isabelle;Hatte, Christine
通讯作者：
Hatte, Christine
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Dlamini, Phesheya;Chivenge, Pauline;Chaplot, Vincent
通讯作者：
Chaplot, Vincent
影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Andela, Niels;van der werf, Guido R.
通讯作者：
van der werf, Guido R.
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Chang, Jinfeng;Ciais, Philippe;Soussana, Jean-Francois
通讯作者：
Soussana, Jean-Francois