THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF THE HUMAN ADULT - CHIASMATIC REGION
THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF THE HUMAN ADULT - CHIASMATIC REGION
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00309845
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发表时间：
1987-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BRAAK, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BRAAK, H;BRAAK, E
人的下丘脑可分为交叉区、结节区和乳头区。交叉区包括大细胞神经分泌核、几个主要由小神经细胞组成的核，以及称为交叉灰质的界限不清的神经细胞组合。在交叉灰质中，以中小型双极神经细胞为主。用尼氏染色显示脂褐素色素，可区分出四种类型的神经元。I型细胞含有粗大且染色深的脂褐素颗粒。II型细胞以密集的小颗粒堆积为特征。III型神经元仅有细小的粉尘状颗粒散布，而IV型神经元则没有色素。对交叉区域的着色构筑分析显示，有八个核嵌入或部分被交叉灰质包围。中间核是位于视交叉水平的无色素神经细胞的小型致密堆积物，位于室旁核和视上核之间。室周核和钩状核主要由充满色素的I型和II型小细胞组成，分别表现为室旁小核的前侧延伸。除非特异性小细胞外，室旁核内的三种神经元类型可根据其着色特征的不同而区分。视上核只由两种神经细胞组成。楔状核从视上核延伸至第三脑室室管膜衬里，将视交叉上核与视交叉后核分开。视交叉上核含有该区域最小的神经元。核内细胞不含脂褐素色素。视交叉后核由大小不一的神经细胞组成。在这个核的边界内也可以看到许多黑色素神经细胞和属于外侧结节核的神经细胞堆积。所提供的技术和数据为研究老年人和患病的人脑提供了基础。
The human hypothalamus can be divided into a chiasmatic region, a tuberal region, and a mamillary region. The chiasmatic region comprises the magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei, several nuclei that are mainly formed of small nerve cells, and an ill-defined nerve cell assembly referred to as the chiasmatic gray. Small to medium-sized bipolar nerve cells predominate in the chiasmatic gray. With the use of Nissl preparations counterstained for demonstration of lipofuscin pigment, four types of neurons have been distinguished. Type I cells contain coarse and intensely stained lipofuscin granules. Type II cells are characterized by dense accumulations of small granules. Type III neurons harbour only a fine scattering of dust-like granules while type IV neurons are devoid of pigment. Pigmentoarchitectonic analysis of the chiasmatic region reveals the presence of eight nuclei embedded in or partially surrounded by the chiasmatic gray. The intermediate nucleus is a small compact accumulation of non-pigmented nerve cells located at the level of the optic chiasm half way between the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus. The periventricular nucleus and the uncinate nucleus are mainly formed of small pigment-laden type I and type II cells and appear as an anterior, respectively lateral exension of the paraventricular nculeus. Besides non-specific small cells, three neuronal types can be distinguished in the paraventricular nucleus on account of characteristic differences in their pigmentation. The supraoptic nucleus is formed of only two types of nerve cells. The cuneiform nuclues extends from the supraoptic nucleus to the ependymal lining of the third ventricle separating the suprachiasmatic nucleus from the retrochiasmatic nucleus. The suprachiasmatic nucleus contains the smallest neurons of the region. Cells of this nucleus are devoid of lipofuscin pigment. The retrochiasmatic nucleus is formed of a heterogeneous population of small and unusually large nerve cells. Numerous melanin-containing nerve cells and accumulations of nerve cells belonging to the lateral tuberal nucleus can be encountered within the boundaries of this nucleus as well. The technique and the data presented provide a basis for investigations of the aged and the diseased human brain.