Releases of Fire-Derived Contaminants from Polymer Pipes Made of Polyvinyl Chloride
Releases of Fire-Derived Contaminants from Polymer Pipes Made of Polyvinyl Chloride
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DOI：
10.3390/toxics7040057
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Brown, Heather
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chong, Ngee Sing;Abdulramoni, Saidi;Brown, Heather
为了评估聚氯乙烯（PVC）制成的水管释放污染物对人类的暴露风险，通过将PVC管道材料置于燃烧和浸出条件下进行实验，然后分析排放物和浸出液样本。采用红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对管道燃烧排放物进行了分析。排放测试结果显示，燃烧聚氯乙烯管排放物中检测到含氯成分，包括二氧化氯、氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、烯丙基氯、氯乙烯、氯乙烷、1-氯丁烷、四氯乙烯、氯苯和氯化氢。此外，发现苯、1，3-丁二烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、一氧化碳、丙烯醛和甲醛的浓度达到能够对人体健康产生不利影响的水平。采用GC-MS对PVC管道的渗滤液进行分析，结果表明，当PVC材料在去离子水中浸泡一周后，有40-60种化合物被初步鉴定，主要是长链烃，如十四烷、十六烷、十八烷和二十二烷。定量分析表明，在燃烧的PVC聚合物中发现2-丁氧基乙醇、2-乙基-1-己醇和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的平均含量为2.7、14.0和3.1微克/克（μ g/g）管材。这项研究对于理解加州野火烧毁聚合物管道后饮用水的苯污染具有重要意义。
In order to assess the human exposure risks from the release of contaminants from water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), experiments were carried out by subjecting the PVC pipe material to burning and leaching conditions followed by analysis of the emission and leachate samples. The emissions of burning pipes were analyzed by both infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The emission test results indicate the presence of chlorinated components including chlorine dioxide, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, ethyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and hydrogen chloride were detected in the emissions of burning PVC pipes. Furthermore, the concentrations of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, methyl methacrylate, carbon monoxide, acrolein, and formaldehyde were found at levels capable of affecting human health adversely. The analysis of PVC pipe leachates using GC-MS shows that there are 40-60 tentatively identified compounds, mostly long-chain hydrocarbons such as tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, and docosane, were released when the burned PVC materials were soaked in deionized water for one week. Quantitative analysis shows that 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and diethyl phthalate were found in the burned PVC polymer at the average levels of 2.7, 14.0, and 3.1 micrograms per gram (mu g/g) of pipe material. This study has significant implications for understanding the benzene contamination of drinking water in the aftermath of wildfires that burned polymer pipes in California.