Are women carrying "basketballs" really having boys? Testing pregnancy folklore
Are women carrying "basketballs" really having boys? Testing pregnancy folklore
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-536x.1999.00172.x
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Costigan, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perry, DF;DiPietro, J;Costigan, K
背景：产前确定胎儿性别是现代妊娠的一个共同特征。选择不学习胎儿性别的女性通常会使用各种方法来预测胎儿性别。这项研究调查了流行的民间传说在出生前用于鉴定胎儿性别的有效性。方法：对104名不知道胎儿性别的孕妇进行问卷调查，了解其对胎儿性别的认知情况及预测依据。结果：胎儿性别与妇女的腹部形状、晨吐的发生率或与既往怀孕的比较没有系统的关系。然而，受过12年以上教育的女性正确地预测胎儿性别比机率高(71%正确)，而受教育程度较低的女性(43%正确)。与预期相反，那些根据心理标准(如梦或感觉)进行预测的女性比那些采用流行的民俗标准(即女性怀孕的方式)的女性更有可能是正确的。结论：总体来说，女性不是预测胎儿性别的良好指标。对于受过高等教育的女性来说，提高孕妇预测胎儿性别的准确性的机制尚不清楚。有理由认为，母亲对胎儿性别的认知有助于胎儿依恋的过程。
Background: Antenatal ascertainment of fetal sex is a common feature of modem pregnancies. Women who opt not to learn fetal sex typically employ a variety of methods to forecast it. This study investigated the validity of prevalent folklore used to identify fetal sex before birth. Method: One hundred four pregnant women, who did not know the sex of the fetus, were administered a questionnaire to explore their perceptions of fetal sex and the basis for these predictions. Results: Fetal sex was not systematically related to the shape of the woman's abdomen, prevalence of morning sickness, or comparisons with previous pregnancies. However women who had more than twelve years of education correctly predicted fetal sex greater than chance (71% correct), in contrast to Less educated women (43% correct). Contrary to expectations, women whose forecasts were based on psychological criteria (i. e., dreams or feelings) were more likely to be correct than those employing prevalent folklore criteria (i.e., the way a woman was carrying the pregnancy). Conclusions: In general, women were not good predictors s of fetal sex. The mechanisms that promote maternal accuracy in predicting fetal sex for highly educated women are unknown. It is reasonable to expect that maternal pel perceptions of fetal sex contribute to the process of fetal attachment.