Challenging Role of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 Exposure and Hepatitis B Infection on Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Challenging Role of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 Exposure and Hepatitis B Infection on Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
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DOI：
10.3889/oamjms.2015.032
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发表时间：
2015-06-15
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hayrulai-Musliu Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kucukcakan B;Hayrulai-Musliu Z
黄曲霉毒素（AFT）是一种有毒物质，被国际癌症研究机构（IARC）列为第1组致癌物质。由于湿热环境中的真菌污染，AFT可在食品（玉米、玉米、大米）中自然发生。在食品中，毒素污染可能会在制造过程中以及真菌停止生物活性后很长时间内仍然存在。黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB 1）是所有AFT中最主要和最有效的因子。在发展中国家，高暴露于AFB 1可导致慢性毒性，通常会增加肝细胞癌（HCC）的发病率。然而，在这些地区，B型肝炎是HCC病例最常见的危险因素。许多研究旨在揭示两种病因在肝癌发病中的作用和机制，但所获得的数据相互矛盾。尚不确定指标/生物标志物是否可能是患者致癌状态的贡献;并且，受试者的生物标志物样本可能仅反映了食用AFB 1污染商品后毒素暴露的近期影响。目前的研究存在方法上的误区，不适合揭示B型肝炎与黄曲霉毒素B1之间可能的相互作用对肝癌的影响。关键是要了解每一个风险因素的影响，以预防和改善贫困和不发达地区的公共卫生。虽然一些研究评估AFB 1单独作为HCC风险的一个重要因素，但根据这项综述，得出的结论是反之亦然。本研究的目的是阐明肝细胞癌的主要病因，其中黄曲霉毒素B1和乙型肝炎病毒是危害公众健康。另外，本研究的目的是揭示这两种因素在肝癌发病机制中可能的协同作用。因此，可以在不发达国家进行适当和正确的应用，以保护公众健康。
Aflatoxins (AFT) are poisonous substances which are classified in Group 1 carcinogenic agents to humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). AFT can occur naturally in food commodities (maize, corn, rice) as a result of fungal contamination in hot and humid environments. In the food, toxin contamination can remain during manufacturing and long after fungi have stopped being biologically active. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most dominant and potent agent from all AFT. In developing countries, high exposure to AFB1 can cause chronic toxicity and usually increases the incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, in these regions hepatitis B is the most common risk factor for HCC cases. Many researches were aimed to enlighten the mechanism and the role of two etiological agents on risk of HCC, but the obtained data was conflicting with each other. It was uncertain that the indicators/biomarkers might be the contribution of the carcinogenic status of the patient; and, the biomarker samples from the subject may only reflect the recent effects of the toxin exposure after consumption of AFB1 contaminated commodities. The studies were facing with the errors of methods which were un-fit to enlighten the possible interaction between Hepatitis B and AFB1 on contribution to HCC. It was pivotal to understand the effect of each risk factor in order to prevent and improve public health in poor and undeveloped regions. Although some of the studies evaluate AFB1 alone as a considerable factor on HCC risk, according to this review it was concluded vice versa. This study was aimed to clarify the main etiological agent of HCC where AFB1 and HBV are endangering public health. In additionally, the purpose was to enlighten the possible synergistic effect between these two factors among HCC pathogenesis. Hence forth, appropriate and right applications could be conducted in undeveloped countries in order to protect public health.