Medical marijuana laws and adolescent use of marijuana and other substances: Alcohol, cigarettes, prescription drugs, and other illicit drugs
Medical marijuana laws and adolescent use of marijuana and other substances: Alcohol, cigarettes, prescription drugs, and other illicit drugs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.021
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Hasin, Deborah S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cerda, Magdalena;Sarvet, Aaron L.;Hasin, Deborah S.
背景在过去的二十年里，大麻政策发生了历史性的转变。医用大麻法律(MML)对大麻以外物质的使用的影响还没有得到很好的了解。我们调查了州MML与大麻、香烟、非法药物、处方阿片类药物、安非他明和镇静剂的非医疗使用以及酗酒之间的关系。方法：MML前后对美国48个毗邻州的具有全国代表性的青少年样本进行了差异分析。在1991-2015年间进行的全国监测未来年度调查中，共有1179,372名美国8年级、10年级和12年级学生参加了调查。测量数据包括在过去30天内自行报告的大麻、香烟、阿片类药物、安非他明和镇静剂的非医疗使用、其他非法物质的使用，以及过去两周的酗酒(每次5+饮料)。结果：在8年级学生中，大麻、酗酒、吸烟、非医疗使用阿片类药物、安非他明和镇静剂以及任何非大麻非法药物的流行率在MML颁布后有所下降(下降0.2%-2.4%；P值：<；0.0001-0.0293)。在10年级学生中，物质使用的流行率在MML颁布后没有变化(p值：0.177-0.938)。在12年级学生中，非医用处方阿片类药物和香烟的使用量在MML颁布后有所增加(0.9-2.7%；p值：<；0.0001-0.0026)。结论：MML颁布与这些州青春期早期大麻和其他药物的减少有关。MML颁布后，12年级学生中非医疗处方类阿片类药物和香烟使用量增加的机制值得进一步研究。
Backgrounth Historical shifts have taken place in the last twenty years in marijuana policy. The impact of medical marijuana laws (MML) on use of substances other than marijuana is not well understood. We examined the relationship between state MML and use of marijuana, cigarettes, illicit drugs, nonmedical use of prescription opioids, amphetamines, and tranquilizers, as well as binge drinking.Methods: Pre-post MML difference-in-difference analyses were performed on a nationally representative sample of adolescents in 48 contiguous U.S. states. Participants were 1,179,372 U.S. 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in the national Monitoring the Future annual surveys conducted in 1991-2015. Measurements were any self-reported past-30-day use of marijuana, cigarettes, non-medical use of opioids, amphetamines and tranquilizers, other illicit substances, and any past-two-week binge drinking (5 + drinks per occasion).Results: Among 8th graders, the prevalence of marijuana, binge drinking, cigarette use, non-medical use of opioids, amphetamines and tranquilizers, and any non-marijuana illicit drug use decreased after MML enactment (0.2-2.4% decrease; p-values: < 0.0001-0.0293). Among 10th graders, the prevalence of substance use did not change after MML enactment (p-values: 0.177-0.938). Among 12th graders, non-medical prescription opioid and cigarette use increased after MML enactment (0.9-2.7% increase; p-values: < 0.0001-0.0026).Conclusions: MML enactment is associated with decreases in marijuana and other drugs in early adolescence in those states. Mechanisms that explain the increase in non-medical prescription opioid and cigarette use among 12th graders following MML enactment deserve further study.