By Slow Degrees: Two Centuries of Social Reproduction and Mobility in Britain
By Slow Degrees: Two Centuries of Social Reproduction and Mobility in Britain
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缓慢的程度：英国两个世纪的社会再生产和流动
DOI：
10.5153/sro.1493
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Wendy Bottero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Lambert;K. Prandy;Wendy Bottero
本文探讨了英国代际社会流动模式的长期趋势。我们认为，有令人信服的经验证据表明，在1800-2004年期间，社会流动性呈小而稳定的线性趋势。我们的结论是基于一个扩展的微观社会数据集的构建和分析，该数据集结合了历史家谱研究的记录，以及1963-2004年期间进行的31次抽样调查的响应。以前有很多关于社会流动趋势的研究，但对它们的性质几乎没有共识。我们认为，这种分歧部分原因是流动率的变化速度非常缓慢，这使得任何比较的时间框架至关重要，并提出了重要的方法论问题，如何最好地衡量流动性的长期变化。我们强调了三个方法上的困难，试图得出结论时，流动性的趋势-关于控制的程度对生命历程的影响;数据资源的质量;和分层的位置的测量。在构建了一个试图面对这些困难的纵向数据集后，我们的分析提供了强有力的证据，挑战了迄今为止更流行的，政治化的流动性下降或不变的说法。相比之下，我们的研究结果表明，英国已经并将继续稳步走向职业成就和父母背景之间关系的平等。
This paper discusses long term trends in patterns of intergenerational social mobility in Britain. We argue that there is convincing empirical evidence of a small but steady linear trend towards increasing social mobility throughout the period 1800-2004. Our conclusions are based upon the construction and analysis of an extended micro-social dataset, which combines records from an historical genealogical study, with responses from 31 sample surveys conducted over the period 1963-2004. There has been much previous study of trends in social mobility, and little consensus on their nature. We argue that this dissension partly results from the very slow pace of change in mobility rates, which makes the time-frame of any comparison crucial, and raises important methodological questions about how long-term change in mobility is best measured. We highlight three methodological difficulties which arise when trying to draw conclusions over mobility trends - concerning the extent of controls for life course effects; the quality of data resources; and the measurement of stratification positions. After constructing a longitudinal dataset which attempts to confront these difficulties, our analyses provide robust evidence which challenges hitherto more popular, politicised claims of declining or unchanging mobility. By contrast, our findings suggest that Britain has moved, and continues to move, steadily towards increasing equality in the relationship between occupational attainment and parental background.