Gender identity and relative income within households: Evidence from Canada
Gender identity and relative income within households: Evidence from Canada
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家庭内的性别认同和相对收入：来自加拿大的证据
DOI：
10.1111/caje.12554
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marion Goussé
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maéva Doumbia;Marion Goussé
Bertrand，Kamenica，and Pan（2015）表明，在美国已婚夫妇中，妻子所赚取的家庭收入份额的分配显示出急剧下降，仅为50%。他们认为，这种下降与性别认同相关的社会规范相一致，即男性应该比妻子赚得更多。我们调查了1996年至2011年在加拿大国家一级的这一现象，但也跨越了文化价值观和性别规范似乎不同的省份。我们发现一个类似的不连续性在50%的阈值，并表明它来自匹配模式和时间使用行为。我们发现，当女性收入高于丈夫的概率增加时，夫妻关系就减少了。我们还发现，收入高于丈夫的妻子参与劳动力的可能性更小，如果她们参与劳动力，她们的收入低于其潜在收入的可能性更大。最后，我们发现，当女性超过配偶的收入平等门槛时，她们也会增加花在家务上的时间，但近年来这种影响已经消失。我们发现，性别角色在魁北克和大草原，但在不列颠哥伦比亚省和安大略不太重要的影响更强的影响。JEL分类：D1，J1.
Bertrand, Kamenica, and Pan (2015) show that among married couples in the US, the distribution of the share of the household income earned by the wife exhibits a sharp drop just to the right of 50%. They argue that this drop is consistent with a social norm related to gender identity prescribing that a man should earn more than his wife. We investigate this phenomenon over the years 1996 to 2011 in Canada at the national level but also across provinces where cultural values and gender norms appear to be different. We find a similar discontinuity at the 50% threshold and show that it comes from both matching patterns and time use behavior. We find that couples form less when the probability that a woman earns more than her husband increases. We also find that wives with greater probability of earning more than their husbands are less likely to participate in the labor force and that if they participate, they have a higher probability of earning less than their potential income. Finally, we find that when women exceeded the spouse’s income equality threshold, they also increased their time spent in housework, but this effect has disappeared in recent years. We find a stronger effect of gender roles in Quebec and in the Prairies but a less important effect in British-Columbia and in Ontario. JEL Classification: D1, J1.