Silicon (Si) biochar for the mitigation of arsenic (As) bioaccumulation in spinach ( Spinacia oleracean ) and improvement in the plant growth
Silicon (Si) biochar for the mitigation of arsenic (As) bioaccumulation in spinach ( Spinacia oleracean ) and improvement in the plant growth
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.056
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Eric F. Zama;B. Reid;Guoxin Sun;Haiyan Yuan;Xiao‐Ming Li;Yong-guan Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eric F. Zama;B. Reid;Guoxin Sun;Haiyan Yuan;Xiao‐Ming Li;Yong-guan Zhu
在世界许多地方，在受污染的土壤上种植作物往往导致植物组织中污染物水平升高。最大限度地减少这些污染物转移到可食用植物组织，同时提高植物生长和生产力是一个主要的研究领域。在这项研究中，我们研究了硅改性生物炭在减少菠菜（菠菜）中As（III）的吸收，同时增加植物生物量的效率。以竹子为原料，在300和600 °C下制备了未改性的生物炭（uBC）和硅改性的生物炭（SiBC），并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线（EDX）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线衍射（XRD）对其进行了表征。土壤中添加2%和5%的SiBC后，菠菜可食部分中As（III）的生物富集量分别显著降低了33.8%和37.7%。生物炭的添加使土壤pH值从6.83 ± 0.4增加到8.01 ± 0.1，溶解有机碳（DOC）从7.02 ± 3.7增加到22.58 ± 3.7 g kg−1，从而使孔隙水中As（III）的浓度增加了64.4%。然而，砷（III）进入菠菜的吸收被阻止硅，这是优先运输到植物通过相同的运输途径作为砷（III）。菠菜的干生物量产量也显著增加了67.7%，并且与植株中CaCl2可提取的Si密切相关（R2= 0.97）。结果强调了SiBC在减少环境中As的毒性影响和总体膳食暴露于污染物方面的有效性。与土壤（87.39%）相比，生物炭中Si的缓慢释放（<48.42%）也表明SiBC可以作为一年生作物的有效硅肥来源，这可以显着降低对硅肥的需求及其在环境中的可持续利用。
In many parts of the world, growing crops on polluted soils often leads to elevated levels of pollutants in plant tissues. Minimizing the transfer of these pollutants into edible plant tissues while improving plant growth and productivity is a major area of research. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of silicon-modified biochar in reducing the uptake of As(III) in spinach (Spinacia oleracean) while simultaneously increasing the plant biomass. Unmodified biochars (uBC) and silicon-modified biochars (SiBC) were prepared from bamboo at 300 and 600 °C and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD). The bioaccumulation of As(III) in the edible part of spinach significantly decreased by 33.8 and 37.7% following the amendment of, respectively, 2% and 5% SiBC in soil. Biochar amendment increased the concentration of As(III) in pore water by 64.4% as a result of increased soil pH from 6.83 ± 0.4 to 8.01 ± 0.1 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from 7.02 ± 3.7 to 22.58 ± 3.7 g kg−1. However, the uptake of As(III) into spinach was prevented by silicon, which was preferentially transported to the plant through the same transport pathway as As(III). Dry biomass yield in spinach also significantly increased by 67.7% and strongly correlated (R2= 0.97) with CaCl2extractable Si in the plant. The results highlighted the effectiveness of SiBC in reducing the toxic effects of As in the environment and overall dietary exposure to the pollutant. The slow release of Si from biochars (<48.42%) compared to soil (87.39%) also suggested that SiBC can be efficient sources of Si fertilization for annual crops which can significantly reduce the increasing demand for Si fertilizers and their sustainable use in the environment.