A review of the human vs. porcine female genital tract and associated immune system in the perspective of using minipigs as a model of human genital Chlamydia infection.
A review of the human vs. porcine female genital tract and associated immune system in the perspective of using minipigs as a model of human genital Chlamydia infection.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13567-015-0241-9
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发表时间：
2015-09-28
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Agerholm JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lorenzen E;Follmann F;Jungersen G;Agerholm JS
性传播疾病是主要的健康问题，其预防和治疗继续对全世界的保健系统构成挑战。动物模型对于更深入地了解疾病和开发安全和保护性疫苗至关重要。目前，需要一个良好的非啮齿动物模型来研究女性生殖器衣原体。由于猪与人类的相似之处，它已经成为越来越受欢迎的人类疾病模型。本综述的目的是从生殖器衣原体感染的角度比较猪和人的女性生殖道及其相关免疫系统。对妇女和母猪的比较表明，尽管有一些大体解剖上的差异，但经历周期性变化的蛋层的结构和比例非常相似。生殖激素周期密切相关，只是周期长度和黄体溶解激素的来源略有不同。子宫内膜的上皮层和功能层表现出相似的周期性变化。猪的免疫系统与人类非常相似，尽管猪有更高比例的CD4+/CD8+双重阳性T细胞。就粘膜抗体水平的周期性波动而言，生殖器免疫系统也非常相似，但在生殖器黏膜中的免疫细胞渗透方面略有不同-主要是由于中性粒细胞在发情期进入猪子宫内膜。哥廷根小型猪的阴道菌群不像人类那样以乳酸菌为主。Göttingen小型猪的阴道pH值约为7，相比之下，雌性小型猪的阴道pH值更酸性，约为3.5-5。这篇综述揭示了人类和猪雌性生殖道的重要相似之处，并提出猪是人类生殖器衣原体感染的有利补充模型。
Sexually transmitted diseases constitute major health issues and their prevention and treatment continue to challenge the health care systems worldwide. Animal models are essential for a deeper understanding of the diseases and the development of safe and protective vaccines. Currently a good predictive non-rodent model is needed for the study of genital chlamydia in women. The pig has become an increasingly popular model for human diseases due to its close similarities to humans. The aim of this review is to compare the porcine and human female genital tract and associated immune system in the perspective of genital Chlamydia infection. The comparison of women and sows has shown that despite some gross anatomical differences, the structures and proportion of layers undergoing cyclic alterations are very similar. Reproductive hormonal cycles are closely related, only showing a slight difference in cycle length and source of luteolysing hormone. The epithelium and functional layers of the endometrium show similar cyclic changes. The immune system in pigs is very similar to that of humans, even though pigs have a higher percentage of CD4+/CD8+ double positive T cells. The genital immune system is also very similar in terms of the cyclic fluctuations in the mucosal antibody levels, but differs slightly regarding immune cell infiltration in the genital mucosa - predominantly due to the influx of neutrophils in the porcine endometrium during estrus. The vaginal flora in Göttingen Minipigs is not dominated by lactobacilli as in humans. The vaginal pH is around 7 in Göttingen Minipigs, compared to the more acidic vaginal pH around 3.5–5 in women. This review reveals important similarities between the human and porcine female reproductive tracts and proposes the pig as an advantageous supplementary model of human genital Chlamydia infection.