Older readers' processing of medical information that contradicts their beliefs.
Older readers' processing of medical information that contradicts their beliefs.
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年长读者对与他们的信念相矛盾的医疗信息的处理。
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/49.3.p119
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Okun,MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rice,GE;Okun,MA
研究了老年人对准确信息的记忆，这些信息要么与他们先前持有的错误信念相矛盾，要么肯定了他们先前持有的关于骨关节炎的真实信念。自变量包括信息类型（文本肯定或否定读者的初始信念），陈述的显式（显式与隐式陈述的目标信念），填充任务（重复与填充任务），通道顺序和时间。参与者是125名成年人（65-80岁），平均词汇量，自我报告患有骨关节炎至少两年。为了支持图式复制加标签模型，我们发现：（a）图式相关识别干扰项的误报率高于主题相关识别干扰项;（B）从前测到即时后测的错误观点更新与从即时后测到延迟后测的准确识别维持呈正相关;（c）与肯定信息相比，否定信息的识别和回忆不那么准确。显式的文本呈现和重复的识别和意见的任务，提高了不确定信息的准确识别。研究结果表明，老年读者往往很难区分他们的错误的先验知识和文本中提供的准确信息。
Older adults' memory for accurate information which either contradicted their previously held false beliefs or affirmed their previously held true beliefs about osteoarthritis was studied. Independent variables included information type (text affirms or disconfirms the reader's initial belief), explicitness of statement (explicit vs implicit statement of the target belief), filler tasks (repetition vs filler tasks), passage order, and time. Participants were 125 adults (65-80 years old) with average vocabularies who self-reported having osteoarthritis for at least two years. In support of a schema-copy plus tag model, we found (a) false alarm rates were higher for schema-related than for topic-related recognition distractors; (b) updating of erroneous opinions from pretest to immediate posttest was positively correlated with maintenance of accurate recognition from immediate to delayed posttest; and (c) disconfirming information was less accurately recognized and recalled than affirming information. Explicit text presentation and repetition of recognition and opinion tasks enhanced accurate recognition of disconfirming information. Findings suggest that older readers often have difficulty distinguishing between their erroneous prior knowledge and accurate information presented in text.