Energetic Zinc Ion Chemistry: The Rechargeable Zinc Ion Battery
Energetic Zinc Ion Chemistry: The Rechargeable Zinc Ion Battery
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高能锌离子化学：可充电锌离子电池
DOI：
10.1002/anie.201106307
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Kang, Feiyu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu, Chengjun;Li, Baohua;Kang, Feiyu
储能设备正在为我们的世界提供动力。一种理想的储能装置，其特征在于高容量、快速充电/放电能力、安全、环境友好和低成本，对于当今社会至关重要。我们的社会一直在寻求这样的理想设备，用于各种应用，如消费电子，电动汽车，运输和军事需求。然而，现有的水性高能电池或功率型超级电容器远未达到最终目标。在此，我们报道了一种独特的锌离子电池化学，用于制备新的安全和环境友好的锌离子电池。锌离子电池可以提供高容量，并且可以在30秒内充电或放电。电池例如碱性Zn/MnO 2、锂离子、金属氢化物（Ni-MH）、铅酸（Pb酸）和镍镉（Ni-Cd）电池被广泛使用。例如，自从碱性Zn/MnO 2电池在1860年被发明以来，碱性Zn/MnO 2电池已经在原电池化学中占据主导地位，每年有100亿美元的市场。[1-3]众所周知，高能电池通常提供有限的功率，而超级电容器提供低能量。少数锂离子电池可以提供高功率和能量密度，但安全和环境问题不容忽视。[5，6]对于具有高容量和快速充电/放电能力以及安全性和生态友好性的可充电电池，需要新的电池化学和架构。在此，我们提出了一种安全和环保的动力型电池，它由a-MnO 2阴极，锌阳极和温和的硫酸锌或Zn（NO3）2水电解质组成（图1）。这种新电池的构造基于以下两个电化学过程[参见Eqs. (1)和（2）]。首先，在含有Zn 2+离子的温和水溶液中，锌可以快速电化学溶解为Zn 2+离子并可逆地存款，这提供了820 mAh gt3 - 1的非常高的容量。[3，4]其次，我们发现Zn 2+离子可以可逆地嵌入到相同温和体系中的a-MnO 2的隧道中，这最终导致210 mAh gd 1的大容量。[5]这两个过程都涉及到粒子-
Energy-storage devices are now powering our world. An ideal energy-storage device that is characterized by high capacity, fast charge/discharge capability, safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost is of vital important for today s society. Our society has been seeking such ideal devices for various applications such as consumer electronics, electric vehicles, transportation, and military demands. However, existing aqueous energetic batteries or power-type supercapacitors are far from achieving the final goals. Herein we report a unique zinc ion battery chemistry for the preparation of a new safe and environmentally friendly zinc ion battery. The zinc ion battery can deliver a high capacity and can be charged or discharged within 30 seconds.Batteries such as alkaline Zn/MnO2, lithium ion, metal hydride (Ni–MH), lead–acid (Pb acid), and nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) batteries are widely used. For example, since their invention in 1860, alkaline Zn/MnO2 batteries have become dominant in primary battery chemistry with an annual 10 billion dollars market.[1–3] It is well known that energetic batteries generally provide limited power, whereas supercapacitors provide low energy. A few lithium ion batteries may deliver both high power and energy density, but the safety and environmental issues cannot be ignored.[5, 6] New battery chemistry and architecture are required for rechargeable batteries with high capacity and fast charge/discharge capability as well as safety and ecofriendliness. Herein, we present a safe and ecofriendly power-type battery, which composes of an a-MnO2 cathode, a zinc anode, and a mild ZnSO4 or Zn (NO3) 2 aqueous electrolyte (Figure 1). The construction of this new battery is based on the following two electrochemical processes [see Eqs.(1) and (2)]. First, in a mild aqueous solution containing Zn2+ ions, zinc can rapidly electrochemically dissolve as Zn2+ ion and deposit reversibly, which delivers a very high capacity of 820 mAh gÀ1.[3, 4] Second, we found that Zn2+ ions can be reversibly intercalated into tunnels of a-MnO2 in the same mild system, which ultimately results in a large capacity of 210 mAh gÀ1.[5] These two processes both involve the partic-