Potential impacts of geothermal energy use and storage of heat on groundwater quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem processes
Potential impacts of geothermal energy use and storage of heat on groundwater quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem processes
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DOI：
10.1007/s12665-016-6207-z
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Lueders, Tillmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griebler, Christian;Brielmann, Heike;Lueders, Tillmann
地热能作为一种可再生能源发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，它会引起自然热静态地下水生态系统的温度变化。温度的影响可大大改变地下水的化学组成和质量、生物体的新陈代谢，从而改变生物地球化学过程和生态系统功能。将当前研究的原始数据与最近发现的紧凑回顾相结合，我们表明，地下水/含水层温度[+5至10开氏度（K）]的适度升高通常只会导致未受污染和能源贫乏（贫营养）地下水系统中的水化学、微生物生物多样性和生态系统功能发生微小变化。在被有机物、营养物和重金属污染的含水层中，典型的城市地区和土地密集使用的地点（例如，例如，在一个实施例中，农业）--特别是在含水层活跃储存热量时经常达到的温度>= 30摄氏度时，可能导致水质和生态模式发生重大变化。这里最关键的是有机物和污染物的热相关的移动（例如。例如，在一个实施例中，砷），溶解氧的减少和耗尽，并因此连续转移到厌氧氧化还原过程，可能产生有毒和腐蚀性的产品（如，例如，在一个实施例中，硫化氢）和温室气体（例如，例如，在一个实施例中，甲烷和二氧化碳）。严重的温度变化导致含水层微生物群落的生物多样性减少，并建立非典型的嗜热组合。地下水动物群，这是专门适应寒冷的地下水栖息地，可能是敏感的温度升高只有5 K的长期移民或直接致命的影响，热变化。从生态学的角度来看，长期或反复发生的温度变化需要在未来进行仔细评估和监管。我们建议制定地方和区域脆弱性概念，以可持续和无害生态地利用地下热和冷。
Geothermal energy plays an increasingly important role as a renewable energy source. However, it induces temperature changes in natural thermally static groundwater ecosystems. Temperature impacts can considerably alter the groundwater chemical composition and quality, the metabolism of organisms, and, consequently, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functions. Combining original data from current studies with a compact review of recent findings, we show that a moderate increase in groundwater/aquifer temperature [+5 to 10 Kelvin (K)] generally causes only minor changes in water chemistry, microbial biodiversity, and ecosystem function in noncontaminated and energy-poor (oligotrophic) groundwater systems. In aquifers that are contaminated with organics, nutrients, and heavy metals-typical in urban areas and at sites with intensive land use (e. g., agriculture)-and particularly at temperatures >= 30 degrees C as regularly reached when heat is actively stored in aquifers, significant changes in water quality and ecological patterns can result. Here most critical are the heat-related mobilization of organic matter and contaminants (e. g., arsenic), the reduction and depletion of dissolved oxygen, and consequently the consecutive shift to anaerobic redox processes that may produce toxic and corrosive products (e. g., hydrogen sulfide) and greenhouse gases (e. g., methane and carbon dioxide). Severe temperature alterations lead to a reduced biodiversity of the aquifer's microbial community with the establishment of atypical thermophilic assemblages. Groundwater fauna, which is specifically adapted to the cold groundwater habitat, may be sensitive to thermal changes at temperature increases of only 5 K with long-term emigration or direct lethal effects. From an ecological point of view, longlasting or reoccurring temperature alterations need to be carefully evaluated and regulated in the future. We suggest developing local and regional vulnerability concepts for the sustainable and ecologically sound use of subterranean heat and cold.