Wrong-way migrations of benthic species driven by ocean warming and larval transport
Wrong-way migrations of benthic species driven by ocean warming and larval transport
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DOI：
10.1038/s41558-020-0894-x
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发表时间：
2020-09-07
影响因子：
30.7
通讯作者：
Chen, Emily Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuchs, Heidi L.;Chant, Robert J.;Chen, Emily Y.
可以预见的是，海洋变暖已经驱使一些海洋物种向极地或更深的水域迁移，以适应环境温度变化（气候速度）的速度，以保持在可忍受的温度。大多数符合预期的物种是鱼类和其他强壮的游泳者，它们可以通过成年迁移来应对温度变化。然而，在西北大西洋大陆架上，许多底栖无脊椎动物的活动范围反而向南转移，进入更浅、更温暖的水域。我们测试了这些“错误的方式”的迁移是否会引起变暖引起的产卵时间（物候）和漂流幼虫运输的变化。结果表明，在一年中早些时候产卵的幼虫遇到了更多的顺流而下有利的风和河流流量，这些风和河流流量推动了向岸上和南方的运输。物候和运输解释了大多数观察到的范围的变化，而气候速度是一个穷人的预测。这项研究揭示了一种违反直觉的物理机制，将底栖物种，包括商业贝类，推向更温暖的地区，死亡率更高。许多海洋物种随着水温变暖而向两极迁移。相比之下，由于产卵和运输时间的变化，西北大西洋大陆架上的底栖无脊椎动物被推入温暖的沃茨，死亡率可能更高。
Ocean warming has predictably driven some marine species to migrate polewards or to deeper water, matching rates of environmental temperature change (climate velocity) to remain at tolerable temperatures. Most species conforming to expectations are fish and other strong swimmers that can respond to temperature change by migrating as adults. On the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf, however, many benthic invertebrates' ranges have instead shifted southwards and into shallower, warmer water. We tested whether these 'wrong-way' migrations could arise from warming-induced changes in the timing of spawning (phenology) and transport of drifting larvae. The results showed that larvae spawned earlier in the year encounter more downwelling-favourable winds and river discharge that drive transport onshore and southwards. Phenology and transport explained most observed range shifts, whereas climate velocity was a poor predictor. This study reveals a physical mechanism that counterintuitively pushes benthic species, including commercial shellfish, into warmer regions with higher mortality.Many marine species have migrated towards the poles as water temperatures warm. In contrast, due to changes in the timing of spawning and transport, benthic invertebrates on the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf are pushed into warmer waters where mortality could be higher.