Neurobiological studies of reading and reading disability
Neurobiological studies of reading and reading disability
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DOI：
10.1016/s0021-9924(01)00060-0
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Shaywitz, BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pugh, KR;Mencl, WE;Shaywitz, BA
神经成像研究(包括我们自己的研究)的证据表明，阅读中熟练的单词识别与两个合并的左半球后部系统的功能完整性有关：背侧(颞顶)回路和腹侧(枕颞部)回路。在发育性阅读障碍中，这个后部系统似乎在功能上受到了干扰。相对于正常读者，阅读障碍的人表现出对额叶下部和大脑半球后部的高度依赖，这可能是为了补偿左脑后部的困难。我们提出了一个神经生物学的解释，认为对于正常发育的读者来说，背侧环路首先占主导地位。并与前运动系统相结合，与学习将印刷词的拼写与语音和词汇语义特征相结合所必需的分析处理相关联。腹侧环路构成了一个快速的、后期发展的词形系统，它为流畅的单词识别奠定了基础。学习结果：作为本活动的结果，(1)参与者将了解到涉及特定皮质区域的词汇加工模型。(2)受试者将了解支持发育性阅读障碍中两个背侧LH系统可能受到干扰的理论的证据。(3)参与者将了解到，阅读障碍的个体可能依赖大脑的其他区域来补偿后脑功能的中断。(C)2001 Elsevier Science Inc.保留所有权利。
Evidence from neuroimaging studies, including our own, suggest that skilled word identification in reading is related to the functional integrity of two consolidated left hemisphere (LH) posterior systems: a dorsal (temporo-parietal) circuit and a ventral (occipito-temporal) circuit. This posterior system appears to be functionally disrupted in developmental dyslexia. Relative to nonimpaired readers, reading-disabled individuals demonstrate heightened reliance on both inferior frontal and fight hemisphere posterior regions, presumably in compensation for the LH posterior difficulties. We propose a neurobiological account suggesting that for normally developing readers, the dorsal circuit predominates at first. and in conjunction with premotor systems, is associated with analytic processing necessary for learning to integrate orthographic with phonological and lexical-semantic features of printed words. The ventral circuit constitutes a fast, late-developing, word form system, which underlies fluency in word recognition.Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, (1) the participant will learn about a model of lexical processing involving specific cortical regions. (2) The participant will learn about evidence which supports the theory that two dorsal LH systems may be disrupted in developmental dyslexia. (3) The participant will learn that individuals with reading impairment may rely on other regions of the brain to compensate for the disruption of posterior function. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.