Cermet Cathodes for High Temperature Water Electrolysis with Zirconia Cells
Cermet Cathodes for High Temperature Water Electrolysis with Zirconia Cells
复制标题
用于氧化锆电池高温水电解的金属陶瓷阴极
DOI：
10.1149/1.2129761
复制
发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Bergmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Accorsi;E. Bergmann
本文研究了在800 ~ 950 ℃之间的水蒸汽电解，电解液为400 ℃的氧化钇稳定氧化锆，阳极为100 ℃的真空沉积掺锡氧化铟，阴极为溅射沉积掺镍和铀的氧化钇稳定氧化锆金属陶瓷。这些ceUs可以在1.5 V以下，在1 A/cm 2超过1000小时。高温水蒸气电解与固体电解质电池提供了两个优势，目前在使用的低温过程中，热力学和动力学之一。水分解反应的负反应熵导致较低的开路电压。由于使水蒸气达到操作温度所需的热量可从热交换器与产品气体、电池损耗以及最终发电厂的排气中获得，因此高温水电解应导致稀缺的自由能的重要节省和氢气生产的较低成本（1，2）。此外，水分解的反应速率在高温下变得相对快，这导致在高电流密度下较低的阴极极化。然而，这两个优点部分地被所有电池组件的严重稳定性问题所补偿：碱土稳定的氧化锆可用于除高温燃料电池和电解槽之外的所有应用中，在高温燃料电池和电解槽中，迄今为止只有氧化锆的稀土稳定化才能提供稳定的电导率。在纸上的电极结构的具体问题进行了说明。由于这些材料问题，我们将大多数实验限制在900~，我们认为这是性能和稳定性之间的良好折衷。
The steam electrolysis between 800 and 950~ has been investigated with a cell consisting of the following elements: electrolyte, 400~ of ytterbia sta= bilized zirconia; anode, 100~ of vacuum deposited tin doped india; cathode, a sputter deposited cermet of nickel and urania doped ytterbia stabilized zirconia. These ceUs can be operated below 1.5 V at 1 A/cm 2 over 1000 hr.High temperature water vapor electrolysis with solid electrolyte cells offers two advantages over the low temperature process currently in use, a thermodynamic and a kinetic one. The negative entropy of reaction of the water decomposition reaction causes a lower open-circuit voltage. Since the heat necessary to bring the water vapor up to the temperature of operation would be available from heat exchangers with the product gas, cell losses, and eventually the exhaust of the electricity generating plant, high temperature water electrolysis should lead to important savings of scarce free energy and lower costs of hydrogen production (1, 2). Furthermore, the rate of reaction of water decomposition becomes relatively fast at high temperatures and this leads to lower cathode polarizations at high current densities. However, these two advantages are partly compensated by severe stability problems of all cell components: eg. alkaline earth stabilized zirconia can be used in all applications except high temperature fuel cells and electrolyzers where only rare earth stabilization of zirconia has given stable conductivities so far. The particular problems with an electrode structure are illustrated in the paper. Because of these materials problems we did limit most of our experiments to 900~ which we believe represents a good compromise between performance and stability.