Apolipoprotein E, Receptors, and Modulation of Alzheimer's Disease.

Apolipoprotein E, Receptors, and Modulation of Alzheimer's Disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.003
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发表时间:
2018-02-15
影响因子:
10.6
通讯作者:
Bu G
Bu G
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhao N;Liu CC;Qiao W;Bu G

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载脂蛋白E(apoE)是外周和中枢神经系统(CNS)的脂质载体。载脂的apoE脂蛋白颗粒与几种细胞表面受体结合,以支持脑中的膜稳态和损伤修复。考虑到患病率和相对风险程度,APOE基因的ε4等位基因是晚发性阿尔茨海默病(AD)最强的遗传风险因素。ApoE 4通过调节多种途径参与AD发病机制,包括但不限于淀粉样蛋白-β(Aβ)肽的代谢、聚集和毒性、tau蛋白病、突触可塑性、脂质转运、葡萄糖代谢、线粒体功能、血管完整性和神经炎症。AD病理生理学中apoE相关通路的新知识为AD治疗提供了新的机会。本文综述了apoE及其受体在中枢神经系统中的生物化学和生物学特性。我们还讨论了apoE亚型的差异效应和apoE受体在AD发病机制中的作用的证据和机制,特别强调了与Aβ病理学相关的临床和临床前研究。最后,我们总结了目前针对apoE的AD治疗策略,并假设有效的策略需要apoE亚型特异性的方法。
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a lipid carrier in both periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Lipid-loaded apoE lipoprotein particles bind to several cell surface receptors to support membrane homeostasis and injury repair in the brain. Considering prevalence and relative risk magnitude, the ε4 allele of the APOE gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). ApoE4 contributes to AD pathogenesis by modulating multiple pathways including but not limited to the metabolism, aggregation, and toxicity of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, tauopathy, synaptic plasticity, lipid transport, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function, vascular integrity, and neuroinflammation. Emerging knowledge on apoE-related pathways in the pathophysiology of AD presents new opportunities for AD therapy. In this Review, we describe the biochemical and biological features of apoE and apoE receptors in the CNS. We also discuss the evidence and mechanisms addressing differential effects of apoE isoforms and the role of apoE receptors in AD pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on the clinical and preclinical studies related to Aβ pathology. Finally, we summarize the current strategies of AD therapy targeting apoE, and postulate that effective strategies require an apoE isoform-specific approach.
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