WHERE DID YOU GO WRONG - ERRORS, PARTIAL ERRORS, AND THE NATURE OF HUMAN INFORMATION-PROCESSING
WHERE DID YOU GO WRONG - ERRORS, PARTIAL ERRORS, AND THE NATURE OF HUMAN INFORMATION-PROCESSING
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DOI：
10.1016/0001-6918(95)00020-u
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
FOURNIER, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COLES, MGH;SCHEFFERS, MK;FOURNIER, L
人类的表现很少是完美的，即使一个公开的反应是正确的，它也可能伴随着没有达到完全错误反应的水平的部分错误活动。部分误差可以在偏侧就绪潜力、肌电和响应力的测量中被检测到。伴随部分错误的正确反应往往比“干净”的正确反应慢(因为反应竞争)，在某些情况下，反应时间的条件差异可以用部分错误发生率的差异来解释。在两项选择反应时任务中，当命令性刺激包含有利于两种反应的信息时，部分错误比包含只有利于一种反应的信息时更常见。部分误差的非随机性支持关于刺激的部分信息被用来指导反应的推论。一个类似的推论也得到了观察的支持，即在混合选择Go/No-Go任务中，No-Go刺激之后的那种部分错误代表着反应的激活，如果刺激是Go-Go刺激，反应就会是正确的。最后，我们注意到，人类处理系统能够监控自己的行为，并在必要时启动补救行动。错误检测系统的活动，如错误相关负性的测量所揭示的，与错误后反应减慢的程度有关。
Human performance is seldom perfect, and even when an overt response is correct it may be accompanied by partial-error activity that does not achieve the level of a complete incorrect response. Partial errors can be detected in measures of the lateralized readiness potential, of the electromyogram, and of response force. Correct responses accompanied by partial errors tend to have slower reaction times than ''clean'' correct responses (because of response competition), and condition differences in reaction time can, on some occasions, be explained in terms of differences in the incidence of partial errors. In two-choice reaction time tasks, partial errors are more frequent when the imperative stimulus contains information that favors both responses, than when it contains information that favors only one response. The non-random nature of partial errors supports the inference that partial information about the stimulus is used to guide responses. A similar inference is supported by the observation that, in hybrid choice Go/No-go tasks, the kinds of partial errors that follow a No-go stimulus represent activation of the response that would have been correct had the stimulus been a Go stimulus. Finally, we note that the human processing system is capable of monitoring its own behavior and of initiating remedial actions if necessary. The activity of an error-detection system, as revealed by measures of the error-related negativity, is related to the degree to which responses are slowed after errors.