Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis.
Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00127-016-1178-7
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Arseneault L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matthews T;Danese A;Wertz J;Odgers CL;Ambler A;Moffitt TE;Arseneault L
调查社会孤立和孤独之间的联系，它们与抑郁之间的关系，以及这些联系是否可以用遗传影响来解释。我们使用的数据来自18岁年龄段的环境风险纵向双胞胎研究，该研究是1994年和1995年在英格兰和威尔士出生的1116对同性双胞胎的出生队列。参与者报告了他们的社会孤立程度、孤独感和抑郁症状。我们进行了回归分析，以检验孤立和孤独与抑郁症之间的不同关联。使用双胞胎研究设计，我们估计了每个结构的方差比例及其由遗传和环境因素引起的协方差。社会孤立和孤独感呈中度相关（r = 0.39），反映了这些构念的分离性，两者都与抑郁有关。当在回归分析中同时输入时，孤独感与抑郁之间的联系更为紧密。我们观察到，基因对社会孤立（40%）和孤独感（38%）的影响程度相似，对抑郁症状的影响程度较小（29%），其余的差异是由非共享环境造成的。孤独和孤独之间的遗传相关性为0.65，孤独和抑郁之间的遗传相关性为0.63，这表明遗传影响在这些表型的共同发生中起着重要作用。社会孤立的年轻人不一定会感到孤独。然而，那些孤独的人往往抑郁，部分原因是相同的基因影响孤独和抑郁。干预措施不仅应以增加社会联系为目标，还应关注主观的孤独感。
To investigate the association between social isolation and loneliness, how they relate to depression, and whether these associations are explained by genetic influences. We used data from the age-18 wave of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 1116 same-sex twin pairs born in England and Wales in 1994 and 1995. Participants reported on their levels of social isolation, loneliness and depressive symptoms. We conducted regression analyses to test the differential associations of isolation and loneliness with depression. Using the twin study design, we estimated the proportion of variance in each construct and their covariance that was accounted for by genetic and environmental factors. Social isolation and loneliness were moderately correlated (r = 0.39), reflecting the separateness of these constructs, and both were associated with depression. When entered simultaneously in a regression analysis, loneliness was more robustly associated with depression. We observed similar degrees of genetic influence on social isolation (40 %) and loneliness (38 %), and a smaller genetic influence on depressive symptoms (29 %), with the remaining variance accounted for by the non-shared environment. Genetic correlations of 0.65 between isolation and loneliness and 0.63 between loneliness and depression indicated a strong role of genetic influences in the co-occurrence of these phenotypes. Socially isolated young adults do not necessarily experience loneliness. However, those who are lonely are often depressed, partly because the same genes influence loneliness and depression. Interventions should not only aim at increasing social connections but also focus on subjective feelings of loneliness.