Stress physiology and developmental psychopathology: past, present, and future.
Stress physiology and developmental psychopathology: past, present, and future.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579413000667
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发表时间：
2013-11
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gunnar MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doom JR;Gunnar MR
在过去的25年中，下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（HPA）轴的研究已成为发展性精神病理学领域的一个重要领域。广泛的动物研究已经提供了基质和生理机制的知识，这些基质和生理机制使用在人类中不可行的方法指导应激反应和调节的发展。最近在了解人类HPA轴的解剖学和生理学及其与其他应激介导系统的相互作用方面取得的进展，包括唾液皮质醇的准确评估，更复杂的神经成像方法和各种遗传分析，对HPA轴的调节和反应与精神病理学的关系的研究越来越多，因此，越来越多的人关注产前、婴儿期和青春期过渡期，认为这是儿童压力系统发展的潜在敏感期。非稳态负荷模型等理论通过整合压力影响身心健康的多种生理系统和机制来指导研究。然而，压力生理学中几乎没有一个突出的理论模型是真正发展的，未来的工作必须包括系统如何在正常和非典型发育中与环境相互作用。我们的理论进步将取决于我们整合生物学和心理学模型的能力。研究人员越来越意识到跨学科交流的重要性，以了解经验如何影响神经行为发展。重要的是，在过去25年中获得的知识已经转化为预防和治疗干预措施，我们期待着传播促进从逆境中恢复的干预措施。
In the past 25 years research on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis has emerged as a vital area within the field of developmental psychopathology. Extensive animal research has provided knowledge of the substrates and physiological mechanisms that guide development of stress reactivity and regulation using methods that are not feasible in humans. Recent advances in understanding the anatomy and physiology of the HPA axis in humans and its interactions with other stress-mediating systems, including accurate assessment of salivary cortisol, more sophisticated neuroimaging methods, and a variety of genetic analyses, have led to greater knowledge of how psychological and biological processes impact functioning.A growing body of research on HPA axis regulation and reactivity in relation to psychopathology has drawn increased focus on the prenatal period, infancy, and the pubertal transition as potentially sensitive periods of stress system development in children. Theories such as the Allostatic Load Model have guided research by integrating multiple physiological systems and mechanisms by which stress can affect mental and physical health. However, almost none of the prominent theoretical models in stress physiology are truly developmental, and future work must incorporate how systems interact with the environment across the lifespan in both normal and atypical development. Our theoretical advancement will depend on our ability to integrate biological and psychological models. Researchers are increasingly realizing the importance of communication across disciplinary boundaries in order to understand how experiences influence neurobehavioral development. Importantly, knowledge gained over the past 25 years has been translated to both prevention and treatment interventions, and we look forward to the dissemination of interventions that promote recovery from adversity.