An intrusive impact of anchors in children's faces pain scales
An intrusive impact of anchors in children's faces pain scales
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DOI：
10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00112-2
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Craig, KD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chambers, CT;Craig, KD
众多的疼痛等级量表使用描绘不同程度痛苦的面孔来引出儿童的疼痛报告，分为两类;那些以中性面孔作为“无痛”锚的疼痛等级量表，以及那些以微笑面孔作为“无痛”锚的疼痛等级量表。本研究探讨了这些锚类型对儿童的自我报告的疼痛在一系列的小插曲的潜在偏见的影响。参与者是100名按年龄（5-6岁，7-8岁，9-12岁）分层的儿童，并随机分配到三组之一：（1）中性量表/感觉指令;（2）微笑量表/感觉指令;（3）微笑量表/情感指令。儿童完成了面部量表、VAS和情绪评级，以响应描述以下四种情况的情景：（1）无疼痛/负面情绪;（2）疼痛/负面情绪;（3）无疼痛/正面情绪;（4）疼痛/正面情绪。结果表明，使用微笑量表的儿童有显着更高的疼痛评分没有疼痛和疼痛/负面情绪的小插曲和显着较低的面孔量表评分疼痛/积极的小插曲比儿童使用中性面孔量表。不同的指令集中在感觉或情感质量的疼痛没有影响儿童的疼痛评级。儿童的VAS评分和情绪测量组的差异表明，评级疼痛与笑脸规模可能会改变一个孩子的疼痛概念。年龄差异表明，年龄较小的儿童比年龄较大的儿童更痛苦的负面情绪小插曲。这些研究结果表明，儿童的疼痛评级不同，这取决于所使用的面孔规模的类型，并与微笑锚的面孔规模可能混淆情感状态与疼痛评级。(C)1998年国际疼痛研究协会。出版社：Elsevier Science B. V.
The numerous pain rating scales using faces depicting varying degrees of distress to elicit reports of pain from children fall into two categories; those with a neutral face as the 'no pain' anchor, and those with a smiling face as the 'no pain' anchor. This study examined the potentially biasing impact of these anchor types on children's self-reports of pain in response to a series of vignettes. Participants were 100 children stratified by age (5-6 years, 7-8 years, 9-12 years) and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) neutral scale/sensory instructions; (2) smiling scale/sensory instructions; (3) smiling scale/affective instructions. Children completed a faces scale, a VAS, and emotions ratings in response to four scenarios depicting: (1) no pain/negative emotions; (2) pain/negative emotions; (3) no pain/positive emotions; (4) pain/positive emotions. Results showed that children who used the smiling scale had significantly higher pain scores for no pain and pain/negative emotions vignettes and significantly lower faces scale scores for pain/positive vignettes than children who used the neutral faces scale. Instructions varying in focus on sensory or affective qualities of pain had no effect on children's pain ratings. Group differences in children's ratings with the VAS and emotions measure suggested that rating pain with a smiling faces scale may alter a child's concept of pain. Age differences indicated the younger children rated the negative emotion vignettes as more painful than the older children. These findings suggest that children's pain ratings vary depending on the types of faces scale used, and that faces scales with smiling anchors may confound affective states with pain ratings. (C) 1998 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.