Changes in Health Risk Behaviors for Males and Females From Early Adolescence Through Early Adulthood
Changes in Health Risk Behaviors for Males and Females From Early Adolescence Through Early Adulthood
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DOI：
10.1037/a0031658
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Jaffee, Sara R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mahalik, James R.;Coley, Rebekah Levine;Jaffee, Sara R.
目的：我们试图确定(a)男性和女性从青春期早期到成年早期在吸烟、酒精和大麻使用、暴力和性行为方面的变化过程，(b)男性和女性之间5种健康风险行为的差异和收敛点，以及(c)男性和女性健康风险行为的变化轨迹是否存在差异。方法：来自具有全国代表性的全国青少年健康纵向研究（Add Health）的四波数据，追踪了18911名青少年从青春期早期到成年期（13岁至31岁），并使用零膨胀负二项增长模型和logistic增长模型进行分析。结果：一般来说，从青春期到20岁出头，健康风险行为稳步增加，随后趋于平稳或减少。结果表明，青春期早期的女性更有可能吸烟，有更多的性伴侣，14岁和18岁的女性喝醉的几率更高。然而，大多数研究结果表明，青少年和年轻成年男性会从事更多的危险行为，而且随着时间的推移，这种风险行为的可能性越来越大。在从事健康危险行为的青年中，男性报告的大多数危险行为的频率更高，而且随着时间的推移，比例也在增加。结论：我们确定了卫生专业人员需要解决的几个关键群体：以前未确定的早期青春期女性更容易参与健康风险；青春期女性“追赶”男性健康风险；青少年早期和中期男性转变为健康风险行为增加的成人模式；以及各个年龄段的冒险男性群体。
Objective: We sought to identify (a) the course of changes in smoking, alcohol and marijuana use, violence, and sexual behavior from early adolescence through young adulthood for males and females, (b) points of divergence and convergence for 5 health risk behaviors between males and females, and (c) whether the trajectories of change in health risk behaviors differed for males and females. Method: Data from four waves of the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) followed 18,911 youth from early adolescence through the transition to adulthood (ages13 through 31 years) and were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial growth models and logistic growth models. Results: Generally, health risk behaviors steadily increased through adolescence into the early 20s, subsequently leveling off or decreasing. Results indicated early adolescent females were more likely to smoke and have more sexual partners, and 14- and 18-year-old females had higher rates of increase for getting drunk. The majority of findings, however, indicated that adolescent and young adult males engaged in more risk behaviors and were increasingly likely to engage over time. Among youth engaged in health risk behaviors, males reported greater frequency and increases in rates over time for most risk behaviors. Conclusions: We identify several critical groups for health professionals to address: early adolescent females not previously identified as more engaged in health risks; adolescent females "catching up" to male health risks; early and mid-adolescent males shifting into adult patterns of heightened health risk behaviors; and the group of risk-taking males across age groups.