Concepts of Originality in the Natural Science, Medical, and Engineering Disciplines: An Analysis of Research Proposals
Concepts of Originality in the Natural Science, Medical, and Engineering Disciplines: An Analysis of Research Proposals
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DOI：
10.1177/0162243918808370
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Barloesius, Eva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barloesius, Eva
科学从根本上致力于产生原创性知识，因此科学原创性的概念是理解其本质的关键。科学原创性一直被认为是发现，但人文和社会科学的新研究表明，其他学科特有的原创性概念也被用于这些研究领域。这一发现是否也适用于自然科学、医学和工程学科？原创性的概念是有科学依据的，还是反映了原创性的超科学模式？这些问题是响应明确呼吁原创科学项目的倡议的研究提案的核心。这些建议经历了基于扎根理论的两步分析[Per style，在摘要部分不允许引用参考文献。因此，我们删除了Charmaz，2006。请批准）。首先，三个经验确定的模式，科学的原创性进行了描述：时间，部分不同，革命。这三种创新模式与艺术、时尚等超科学创新模式是一致的。第二，六个学科-两个在自然科学，医学和工程-分析的方式的三种模式的原创性和相关的学科特点，以确定学科特定的概念的原创性。
Science is fundamentally devoted to generating original knowledge, and therefore concepts of scientific originality are keys to understanding its very essence. Scientific originality has long been thought of as discovery, but new studies of the humanities and social sciences have shown that other, discipline-specific concepts of originality are used in these fields of study. Does this finding also hold for disciplines in the natural science, medicine, and engineering? Are concepts of originality scientifically grounded or do they instead reflect extrascientific modes of originality? These questions lie at the heart of research proposals responding to an initiative explicitly calling for original scientific projects. The proposals undergo a two-step analysis based on grounded theory[Per style, reference citation is not allowed in abstract section. Hence, we have deleted Charmaz, 2006. Please approve.]. First, three empirically identified modes of scientific originality are described: temporal, partially different, and revolutionary. The three modes of originality are consistent with extrascientific ones such as those in art and fashion. Second, six disciplines-two each in the natural science, medical, and engineering-are analyzed for ways the three modes of originality are used and for their associated disciplinary characteristics in order to identify discipline-specific concepts of originality.