The intestinal microbiota in health and disease: the influence of microbial products on immune cell homeostasis.
The intestinal microbiota in health and disease: the influence of microbial products on immune cell homeostasis.
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DOI：
10.1097/mog.0b013e328331b6b4
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发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Artis D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abt MC;Artis D
哺乳动物的胃肠道中有大量不同种类的微生物。这些微生物在塑造免疫系统的发育和功能中不可或缺。宏基因组测序分析揭示了患有慢性炎症性疾病（包括炎症性肠病和哮喘）的患者的肠道微生物群的改变。本文将讨论先天免疫系统识别和响应肠道微生物群的机制，以及特定微生物群来源的信号对免疫细胞稳态的影响。最近在鼠模型系统中的研究已经证明，对肠道微生物群的操纵可以改变哺乳动物免疫细胞的稳态。已经确定了可以影响肠道和外周组织中免疫细胞功能的特定微生物信号。这些微生物群来源的信号可以具有免疫调节作用，产生对炎症难治的免疫状态，或者相反地，作为佐剂，帮助免疫应答的传播。微生物群的改变与人类疾病之间的关联涉及肠道微生物信号在形成免疫反应。这些信号被先天免疫细胞识别，并影响这些细胞调节局部和全身免疫应答的能力。
A vast and diverse array of microbes colonizes the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. These microorganisms are integral in shaping the development and function of the immune system. Metagenomic sequencing analysis has revealed alterations in intestinal microbiota in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. This review will discuss the mechanisms through which the innate immune system recognizes and responds to the intestinal microbiota as well as the effect of specific microbiota-derived signals on immune cell homeostasis. Recent studies in murine model systems have demonstrated that manipulation of the intestinal microbiota can alter mammalian immune cell homeostasis. Specific microbial signals have been identified that can impact immune cell function both within the intestinal tract and in peripheral tissues. These microbiota-derived signals can either have an immunoregulatory effect, creating an immune state that is refractory to inflammation, or conversely, act as an adjuvant, aiding in the propagation of an immune response. Associations between alterations in the microbiota and human disease implicate intestinal microbial signals in shaping immune responses. These signals are recognized by innate immune cells and influence the ability of these cells to modulate both the local and systemic immune response.