The multicellularity genes of dictyostelid social amoebas.
The multicellularity genes of dictyostelid social amoebas.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms12085
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发表时间：
2016-06-30
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Schaap P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glöckner G;Lawal HM;Felder M;Singh R;Singer G;Weijer CJ;Schaap P
多细胞性的进化使细胞能够特化，但需要新的信号机制来调节细胞分化。早期的多细胞生物大部分已经灭绝，这些机制的起源尚不清楚。在这里使用比较基因组和转录组分析在8个单细胞和多细胞阿米巴基因组，我们发现，80%的蛋白质的发展所必需的多细胞网柱虫已经存在于其单细胞亲属。这一组富含胞质和核蛋白以及蛋白激酶。剩下的20%，独特的Dictyostelia，主要是由细胞外暴露和分泌的蛋白质，在传感和识别的作用，而几个基因的合成信号，诱导细胞类型的专业化获得的横向基因转移。在整个网柱纲中，基因表达的变化与表型创新的对应性比蛋白质功能结构域的变化更强。我们的结论是，过渡到多细胞需要新的信号和传感器，而不是新的信号处理机制。 单细胞社会性阿米巴聚集形成多细胞生命阶段，使它们成为多细胞生物进化的模型系统。在这里，Glöckner等人使用比较基因组学和转录组学方法来确定社会阿米巴中多细胞性所必需的基因的起源。
The evolution of multicellularity enabled specialization of cells, but required novel signalling mechanisms for regulating cell differentiation. Early multicellular organisms are mostly extinct and the origins of these mechanisms are unknown. Here using comparative genome and transcriptome analysis across eight uni- and multicellular amoebozoan genomes, we find that 80% of proteins essential for the development of multicellular Dictyostelia are already present in their unicellular relatives. This set is enriched in cytosolic and nuclear proteins, and protein kinases. The remaining 20%, unique to Dictyostelia, mostly consists of extracellularly exposed and secreted proteins, with roles in sensing and recognition, while several genes for synthesis of signals that induce cell-type specialization were acquired by lateral gene transfer. Across Dictyostelia, changes in gene expression correspond more strongly with phenotypic innovation than changes in protein functional domains. We conclude that the transition to multicellularity required novel signals and sensors rather than novel signal processing mechanisms. Unicellular social amoebae aggregate to form a multicellular life stage, making them a model system for the evolution of multicellularity. Here, Glöckner et al. use a comparative genomic and transcriptomic approach to determine the origin of the genes essential for multicellularity in the social amoebae.