Stochastic paths controlling speed and dissipation
Stochastic paths controlling speed and dissipation
复制标题
控制速度和耗散的随机路径
DOI：
10.1103/physreve.106.054151
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Green, Jason R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bone, Rebecca A.;Sharpe, Daniel J.;Wales, David J.;Green, Jason R.
自然过程在有限的时间内发生，并消耗能量，熵和物质。在接近平衡时，热力学直觉表明，快速不可逆过程将比连接相同初始状态和最终状态的缓慢准静态过程消耗更多的能量和熵。对于小型系统，最近发现的热力学速度极限表明，较快的过程将比较慢的过程消散更多。在这里，我们测试的假设，这种速度和耗散之间的关系持有远离平衡的随机路径。为了分析有限时间尺度上的随机路径，我们从主方程的路径求和解导出了连续时间马尔可夫链的路径概率的精确表达式。我们提出了一个驱动系统的最小模型，其中的初始和目标状态的相对能量控制的速度，和一个周期的非平衡电流控制的耗散。虽然假设持有近平衡，我们发现，更快的过程可以消散在远离平衡条件下，因为强电流。这个模型作为一个最小的原型设计动力学造型的非平衡路径空间，使更快的路径产生更少的耗散。
Natural processes occur in a finite amount of time and dissipate energy, entropy, and matter. Near equilibrium, thermodynamic intuition suggests that fast irreversible processes will dissipate more energy and entropy than slow quasistatic processes connecting the same initial and final states. For small systems, recently discovered thermodynamic speed limits suggest that faster processes will dissipate more than slower processes. Here, we test the hypothesis that this relationship between speed and dissipation holds for stochastic paths far from equilibrium. To analyze stochastic paths on finite timescales, we derive an exact expression for the path probabilities of continuous-time Markov chains from the path summation solution to the master equation. We present a minimal model for a driven system in which relative energies of the initial and target states control the speed, and the nonequilibrium currents of a cycle control the dissipation. Although the hypothesis holds near equilibrium, we find that faster processes can dissipate less under far-from-equilibrium conditions because of strong currents. This model serves as a minimal prototype for designing kinetics to sculpt the nonequilibrium path space so that faster paths produce less dissipation.