Elections Russian-Style
Elections Russian-Style
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俄罗斯式选举
DOI：
10.1080/09668136.2011.566423
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
White S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White S
至少从古希腊人开始，选举就是代议制政府的核心制度。选举权扩大到(最终)所有成年公民的故事，以及唯一能约束他们的决定是由他们选出的议会做出的原则的确立，本质上是现代民主的故事。在俄罗斯，选举的历史要短得多；但1905年10月宣言之后的变化导致了新成立的国家杜马连续四次选举，1917年11月，布尔什维克掌权后，举行了制宪会议选举，旨在确定后沙皇时代未来的性质。苏联统治下的选举仍在继续，尽管(在早期)选举不是竞争性的，而且至少正式确认了这一原则，即唯一能够做出对所有公民具有约束力的决定的机构是他们自己选出的议会。1977年的宪法解释说，“所有权力都属于人民”，他们可以通过全民公决直接行使这一权力，也可以通过选举人民代表到苏联间接行使这一权力，人民代表拥有专有的立法权。
Elections have been the central institution of representative government since at least the ancient Greeks. The story of the extension of the franchise to (eventually) all adult citizens, and the establishment of the principle that the only decisions that could bind them were ones that had been taken by a parliament they elected, is essentially the story of modern democracy. Elections have a much shorter history in Russia; but the changes that followed the October manifesto of 1905 led to four successive elections to a newly established State Duma, and in November 1917, after the Bolsheviks had taken power, there were elections to a Constituent Assembly that was intended to define the nature of a post-tsarist future. Elections continued under Soviet rule, although (from an early stage) they were not competitive, and the principle was at least formally confirmed that the only body that could take decisions that were binding on all citizens was a parliament they had themselves elected. It was the people to whom ‘all power belonged’, explained the 1977 constitution, and they could exercise that power either directly, through a referendum, or indirectly, by electing representatives to the soviets of people’s deputies that had the exclusive authority to legislate.
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了解俄罗斯政治：人物列表
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Stephen White
通讯作者：
Stephen White
虚拟政治：后苏联世界的虚假民主
影响因子：
--
作者：
Andrew Wilson
通讯作者：
Andrew Wilson
选举舞弊的取证：俄罗斯
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Myagkov;P. Ordeshook;D. Shakin
通讯作者：
D. Shakin
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Rose R
通讯作者：
Rose R