Labile or stable: opposing consequences for memory when reactivated during waking and sleep
Labile or stable: opposing consequences for memory when reactivated during waking and sleep
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DOI：
10.1038/nn.2744
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
25
通讯作者：
Rasch, Bjoern
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diekelmann, Susanne;Buechel, Christian;Rasch, Bjoern
记忆巩固是一个动态的过程。再巩固理论认为，清醒时的再激活会短暂地破坏记忆的稳定，需要它们重新巩固才能持续。记忆再激活也发生在慢波睡眠（SWS）期间，被认为是睡眠巩固效应的基础。在这里，我们测试了同样的短暂不稳定原理是否适用于SWS期间的记忆再激活。我们通过在睡眠状态或清醒状态下呈现相关的气味线索来重新激活人类的记忆。再激活之后是一个干扰任务来探测记忆的稳定性。正如我们所料，清醒时不稳定记忆的再激活。相反，在SWS期间的再激活会立即稳定记忆，从而直接增加它们对干扰的抵抗力。功能磁共振成像显示，静醒时的再激活主要激活海马和后皮层区域，而清醒时的再激活主要激活前额皮质区域。我们的研究结果表明，根据大脑清醒或睡眠的状态，记忆的重新激活有不同的功能。
Memory consolidation is a dynamic process. Reconsolidation theory assumes that reactivation during wakefulness transiently destabilizes memories, requiring them to reconsolidate in order to persist. Memory reactivation also occurs during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and is assumed to underlie the consolidating effect of sleep. Here, we tested whether the same principle of transient destabilization applies to memory reactivation during SWS. We reactivated memories in humans by presenting associated odor cues either during SWS or wakefulness. Reactivation was followed by an interference task to probe memory stability. As we expected, reactivation during waking destabilized memories. In contrast, reactivation during SWS immediately stabilized memories, thereby directly increasing their resistance to interference. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that reactivation during SWS mainly activated hippocampal and posterior cortical regions, whereas reactivation during wakefulness primarily activated prefrontal cortical areas. Our results show that reactivation of memory serves distinct functions depending on the brain state of wakefulness or sleep.