Variability in photos of the same face
Variability in photos of the same face
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2011.08.001
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Burton, A. Mike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jenkins, Rob;White, David;Burton, A. Mike
人脸识别的心理学研究通常忽略了人在外表上的差异，而强调个体之间的差异。研究通常假设一张照片足以捕捉一个人的外表，因此大多数研究只使用一张或每人少量的照片。在这里，我们表明，照片是不一致的指标的面部外观，因为他们是盲目的人的变化。至关重要的是，与人与人之间的差异相比，这种个人内部的差异往往非常大。为了研究同一张脸的照片的可变性，我们从互联网上收集图像，对每个人的真实范围进行采样。在实验1和2中，不熟悉的观众将同一个人的图像视为不同的个体，而熟悉的观众则完全识别出相同的照片。在实验3中，任意个体的多张照片形成了一个由好到坏的连续体，这对熟悉度高度敏感。最后，在实验4中，我们发现人与人之间的吸引力差异大于人与人之间的差异。这些观察结果对我们理解人脸处理至关重要，因为它们表明人脸处理的一个关键组成部分被忽视了。除了理论意义外，该变异性量表还具有重要的实际意义。例如，我们的研究结果表明，面部照片不适合作为身份证明。(C) 2011 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Psychological studies of face recognition have typically ignored within-person variation in appearance, instead emphasising differences between individuals. Studies typically assume that a photograph adequately captures a person's appearance, and for that reason most studies use just one, or a small number of photos per person. Here we show that photographs are not consistent indicators of facial appearance because they are blind to within-person variability. Crucially, this within-person variability is often very large compared to the differences between people. To investigate variability in photos of the same face, we collected images from the internet to sample a realistic range for each individual. In Experiments 1 and 2, unfamiliar viewers perceived images of the same person as being different individuals, while familiar viewers perfectly identified the same photos. In Experiment 3, multiple photographs of any individual formed a continuum of good to bad likeness, which was highly sensitive to familiarity. Finally, in Experiment 4, we found that within-person variability exceeded between-person variability in attractiveness. These observations are critical to our understanding of face processing, because they suggest that a key component of face processing has been ignored. As well as its theoretical significance, this scale of variability has important practical implications. For example, our findings suggest that face photographs are unsuitable as proof of identity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.