Treatment of Delirium During Critical Illness.

Treatment of Delirium During Critical Illness.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-med-042220-013015
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发表时间:
2022-01-27
影响因子:
10.5
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
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谵妄是一种由其他疾病引起的精神状态的急性紊乱,在重症监护室中很常见。尽管其与多种常见风险因素和重要结局(包括死亡率和长期认知障碍)有明确的相关性,但谵妄的最终原因和理想治疗方法仍不清楚。研究表明,神经炎症、缺氧、能量代谢的改变和多种神经递质通路的失衡有助于谵妄,但常用的治疗(例如,抗精神病药物)仅针对这些潜在机制中的一种或几种,并且没有疗效证据支持。目前,危重病期间谵妄的最佳治疗方法仍然是避免危险因素,尽管正在进行的试验可能会扩大褪黑激素和右美托咪定等药物所显示的前景。
Delirium, an acute disturbance in mental status due to another medical condition, is common and morbid in the intensive care unit. Despite its clear association with multiple common risk factors and important outcomes, including mortality and long-term cognitive impairment, both the ultimate causes of and ideal treatments for delirium remain unclear. Studies suggest that neuroinflammation, hypoxia, alterations in energy metabolism, and imbalances in multiple neurotransmitter pathways contribute to delirium, but commonly used treatments (e.g., antipsychotic medications) target only one or a few of these potential mechanisms and are not supported by evidence of efficacy. At this time, the optimal treatment for delirium during critical illness remains avoidance of risk factors, though ongoing trials may expand on the promise shown by agents such as melatonin and dexmedetomidine.
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发表时间: 2015-04
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