Release bursts in English word-final voiceless stops produced by native English and Korean adults and children.
Release bursts in English word-final voiceless stops produced by native English and Korean adults and children.
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由以英语和韩语为母语的成人和儿童制作的英语词尾清音停顿的爆发。
DOI：
10.1159/000082557
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Flege,James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tsukada,Kimiko;Birdsong,David;Mack,Molly;Sung,Hyekyung;Bialystok,Ellen;Flege,James
本研究的目的是评估第二语言(L2)统计特性的习得情况。停止辅音在英语和韩语的词尾位置都是允许的，但它们在英语中有不同的释放，在韩语中总是不释放。居住在北美的朝鲜语(K)成年人和儿童以及年龄匹配的英语母语(E)使用者每隔1.2年两次重复以/t/和/k/结尾的英语单词。说E语言的听者的判断被用来确定刺激是否伴随着可听到的释放脉冲而重复。实验1和实验2显示，K的最终释放量比E儿童少，而/t/(但不是/k/)比E儿童少。几乎所有的/t/和/k/标记都像实验3中预期的那样被听到，该实验评估了可理解性。然而，K个成年人的/k/令牌被识别的确定性低于E个成年人的。综上所述，研究结果表明，第二语言的非对比(即统计学)属性可以由儿童学习，而成年人的学习程度则稍低一些。
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acquisition of statistical properties of a second language (L2). Stop consonants are permitted in word-final position in both English and Korean, but they are variably released in English and invariably unreleased in Korean. Native Korean (K) adults and children living in North America and age-matched native English (E) speakers repeated English words ending in released tokens of /t/ and /k/ at two times separated by 1.2 years. The judgments of E-speaking listeners were used to determine if the stimuli were repeated with audible release bursts. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed fewer final releases for K than E adults, and fewer releases for /t/ (but not /k/) for K than E children. Nearly all /t/ and/k/ tokens were heard as intended in experiment 3, which evaluated intelligibility. However, the K adults’ /k/ tokens were identified with less certainty than the E adults’. Taken together, the results suggested that noncontrastive (i.e., statistical)properties of an L2 can be learned by children, and to a somewhat lesser extent by adults.