Quantifying sources of environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs
Quantifying sources of environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.034
复制
发表时间：
2013-04-15
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Pegler, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morgan, E. R.;Azam, D.;Pegler, K.
大量工作报告了在许多不同地区和情况下，最终宿主中弓形虫物种的感染水平以及环境中弓形虫卵的频率。这极大地增加了我们对同伴和野生动物的卵子排泄与人类因无意摄入土壤和其他环境储存库中的卵子而感染风险之间关系的理解。然而，由于采样和实验室方法的变幻莫测，流行率的优势而不是丰富的数据，以及缺乏系统地采样不同同域确定宿主种群的研究，因此很难直接比较研究。这种比较可能具有指导意义，例如，可以确定不同的最终宿主种群和种类对特定地区环境污染的相对贡献，从而指导控制的优先事项。在这篇文章中，我们使用宿主密度和感染水平的估计在布里斯托尔市，英国，作为一个案例研究来评估同域猫，狗和狐狸的相对贡献与鸡蛋整体环境污染。结果表明，狗，尤其是12周龄以下的狗，在总产蛋量中占主导地位，但这种情况会因进入公共场所和清除粪便的程度而改变，因此狐狸可以取代它们成为主要的产蛋量来源。结果和结论可能因具体地点而异。总的目标是展示一个改进的弓形虫卵污染流行病学研究的定量框架如何有助于促进对未来控制策略的理解和有效性。(C) 2012 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
A rich body of work has reported levels of infection with Toxocara species in definitive hosts, and the frequency of eggs in the environment, in many different regions and situations. These have greatly increased our understanding of the relationship between egg excretion from companion and wild animals and the risk of human infection by inadvertent ingestion of eggs from soil and other environmental reservoirs. Nevertheless, it is difficult to compare studies directly because of vagaries in sampling and laboratory methods, a preponderance of prevalence rather than abundance data, and a lack of studies that systematically sample different sympatric definitive host populations. Such comparisons could be instructive, for example to determine the relative contributions of different definitive host populations and categories to environmental contamination in specified areas, and hence guide priorities for control. In this article we use estimates of host density and infection levels in the city of Bristol, UK, as a case study to evaluate the relative contribution of sympatric cats, dogs and foxes to overall environmental contamination with eggs. Results suggest that dogs, especially those less than 12 weeks of age, dominate total egg output, but that this is modified by degree of access to public areas and removal of faeces, such that foxes could take over as the primary source of eggs. Results and conclusions are likely to differ among specific locations. The general aim is to show how an improved quantitative framework for epidemiological studies of Toxocara spp. egg contamination can help to advance understanding and the effectiveness of control strategies in future. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.