From working on recovery to working in recovery: Employment status among a nationally representative US sample of individuals who have resolved a significant alcohol or other drug problem
From working on recovery to working in recovery: Employment status among a nationally representative US sample of individuals who have resolved a significant alcohol or other drug problem
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108000
复制
发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Hoeppner, Bettina B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eddie, David;Vilsaint, Corrie L.;Hoeppner, Bettina B.
酒精和其他药物(AOD)使用障碍在美国每年造成惊人的经济损失，主要是由于与疾病有关的缺勤、就业不足和失业造成的生产力损失。虽然AOD障碍的恢复与健康和功能的改善有关，但人们对新的或恢复的就业导致的生产率提高以及谁可能继续挣扎知之甚少。此外，由于就业可以通过提供结构、意义、目的和收入来缓冲复发风险，这方面的更多知识将为复发预防工作和与就业相关的政策提供信息。我们对美国成年人口进行了一项具有全国代表性的横断面调查，评估那些报告已经解决了AOD问题的人(n=2002)。加权就业、失业、退休和残疾统计数据与美国总人口进行了比较。Logistic和线性回归模型检验了不同人口统计类别和幸福衡量标准在就业和失业方面的差异。与普通美国人相比，解决了AOD问题的人不太可能被就业或被重新解雇，而更有可能失业和残疾。某些正在恢复的小组，包括那些被认定为黑人的小组和那些有多次被捕历史的小组，进一步处于不利地位。相反，某些因素，如较高的教育水平和较少的刑事司法参与，与较低的失业风险有关。尽管正在从AOD问题中恢复，但个人仍在为就业而苦苦挣扎，特别是美国黑人和有犯罪前科的人。鉴于就业在成瘾康复和预防复发方面的重要性，需要进行更多的研究来确定就业障碍，以便有效地解决这些障碍。
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders exact a prodigious annual economic toll in the United States (U.S.), driven largely by lost productivity due to illness-related absenteeism, underemployment, and unemployment. While recovery from AOD disorders is associated with improved health and functioning, little is known specifically about increases in productivity due to new or resumed employment and who may continue to struggle. Also, because employment can buffer relapse risk by providing structure, meaning, purpose, and income, greater knowledge in this regard would inform relapse prevention efforts as well as employment-related policy. We conducted a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the U.S. adult population assessing persons who reported having resolved an AOD problem (n. = 2002). Weighted employment, unemployment, retirement, and disability statistics were compared to the general U.S. population. Logistic and linear regression models tested for differences in employment and unemployment among demographic categories and measures of well-being. Compared to the general U.S. population, individuals who had resolved an AOD problem were less likely to be employed or refired, and more likely to be unemployed and disabled. Certain recovering subgroups, including those identifying as black and those with histories of multiple arrests, were further disadvantaged. Conversely, certain factors, such as a higher level of education and less prior criminal justice involvement were associated with lower unemployment risk. Despite being in recovery from an AOD problem, individuals continue to struggle with obtaining employment, particularly black Americans and those with prior criminal histories. Given the importance of employment in addiction recovery and relapse prevention, more research is needed to identify employment barriers so that they can be effectively addressed.