Residential proximity to industrial sources of air pollution: Interrelationships among race, poverty, and age
Residential proximity to industrial sources of air pollution: Interrelationships among race, poverty, and age
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DOI：
10.1080/10473289.2001.10464271
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Sexton, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perlin, SA;Wong, D;Sexton, K
这项研究建立在早期研究人口社会人口特征与其居住地与工业空气污染源的邻近程度之间的统计关系的基础上。该分析使用 1990 年美国人口普查的人口数据和美国环境保护署 (EPA) 1990 年有毒物质排放清单 (TRI) 的工业现场数据。重点是研究种族（非裔美国人和白人）、贫困（高于和低于家庭贫困线）和年龄（从出生到 5 岁的儿童和 65 岁或以上的老年人）之间的相互作用。三个不同研究地区（西弗吉尼亚州的卡诺瓦谷、路易斯安那州的巴吞鲁日-新奥尔良走廊和马里兰州的巴尔的摩大都市区）的结果表明：种族、贫困和年龄之间存在重要的相互作用，可能会对旨在调查环境正义相关问题的努力产生重大影响。我们的结果表明，所研究的所有人口群体中很大一部分居住在距离最近的设施一英里范围内，其数值范围从巴吞鲁日-新奥尔良走廊 22% 的白人高于贫困水平到巴尔的摩 60% 的非裔美国人低于贫困水平。同样，所有人口群体中的很大一部分也居住在四个或更多工业设施的 2 英里范围内，其数值范围从走廊中高于贫困水平的白人的 16% 到巴尔的摩低于贫困水平的非裔美国人的 70%。在所有三个研究领域中，非裔美国人比白人更有可能 (1) 生活在收入低于家庭贫困线的家庭中，(2) 有 5 岁或以下的孩子，(3) 居住地距离最近的工业排放源更近，以及 (4) 居住在距离多个工业排放源 2 英里以内的地方。调查结果表明，与白人儿童相比，5 岁或以下的非洲裔美国儿童生活在距离一个或多个工业空气污染源相对较近的贫困家庭中的比例要高得多。
This study builds on earlier work investigating statistical relationships between sociodemographic characteristics of populations and their residential proximity to industrial sources of air pollution. The analysis uses demographic data from the 1990 U.S. Census and industrial site data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s 1990 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). The focus is on examining interactions among race (African Americans and Whites), poverty (above and below household poverty threshold), and age (children from birth to 5 years of age and elderly people 65 years old or older). Results from three different study areas (Kanawha Valley in West Virginia, the Baton Rouge-New Orleans Corridor in Louisiana, and the greater Baltimore metropolitan area in Maryland) suggest: there are important interactions among race, poverty, and age that are likely to have consequential ramifications for efforts aimed at investigating issues related to environmental justice. Our results indicate that a substantial proportion of all demographic groups studied live within a mile of the nearest facility, with values ranging from 22% of Whites above poverty in the Baton Rouge-New Orleans Corridor to 60% of African Americans below poverty in Baltimore. Likewise, a substantial proportion of all demographic groups also live within 2 miles of four or more industrial facilities, with values ranging from 16% for Whites above poverty in the Corridor to 70% for African Americans below poverty in Baltimore. In all three study areas, African Americans were more likely than Whites to (1) live in households with incomes below the household poverty line, (2) have children 5 years of age or younger, (3) live closer to the nearest industrial emissions source, and (4) live within 2 miles of multiple industrial emission sources. Findings indicate that, compared with White children, a substantially higher proportion of African-American children 5 years of age or younger lived in poor households that were located in relatively close proximity to one or more industrial sources of air pollution.