Mycoplasma agalactiae, an Etiological Agent of Contagious Agalactia in Small Ruminants: A Review.
Mycoplasma agalactiae, an Etiological Agent of Contagious Agalactia in Small Ruminants: A Review.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1155/2014/286752
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Dhama K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kumar A;Rahal A;Chakraborty S;Verma AK;Dhama K
无乳支原体（Mycoplasma agalactiae，CA）是典型的传染性无乳病（Infagilarized agalactia，CA）的病原之一，CA是一种严重的、经济上重要但被忽视的小反刍动物地方病。它发生在世界许多地方，最显着的是在地中海盆地。感染后常见的并发症有败血症、乳腺炎、关节炎、胸膜炎、肺炎和角结膜炎。微生物的初步或初步诊断基于临床体征。各种血清学试验，即生长沉淀、免疫荧光、补体结合试验、血凝抑制、凝集、免疫扩散、酶免疫测定、免疫电泳、印迹技术等，都是可用的。分子工具似乎更敏感，更特异，更快，有助于区分各种菌株。实时荧光定量PCR、多重PCR、定量PCR、PCR-RFLP、MLST以及与染色体DNA片段或16 S核糖体RNA互补的基因探针等技术的应用，加强了对M.无乳。减毒活疫苗和佐剂（明矾沉淀或皂化）灭活疫苗都是可用的，由于缺乏副作用，灭活疫苗的使用更广泛。本文综述了小反刍动物传染性无乳症的病因学、流行病学、发病机制和临床表现，并对其诊断、治疗、疫苗接种、预防和控制策略的发展趋势和进展进行了沿着，这将有助于对抗这种疾病。
Mycoplasma agalactiae is one of the causal agents of classical contagious agalactia (CA), a serious, economically important but neglected enzootic disease of small ruminants. It occurs in many parts of the world and most notably in the Mediterranean Basin. Following the infection common complications are septicaemia, mastitis, arthritis, pleurisy, pneumonia, and keratoconjunctivitis. Primary or tentative diagnosis of the organism is based upon clinical signs. Various serological tests, namely, growth precipitation, immunofluorescence, complement fixation test, haemagglutination inhibition, agglutination, immunodiffusion, enzyme immunoassays, immunoelectrophoresis, blotting techniques, and others, are available. Molecular tools seem to be much more sensitive, specific, and faster and help to differentiate various strains. The real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, quantitative PCR, PCR-RFLP, MLST, and gene probes, complementary to segments of chromosomal DNA or 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), have strengthened the diagnosis of M. agalactiae. Both live attenuated and adjuvant (alum precipitated or saponified) inactivated vaccines are available with greater use of inactivated ones due to lack of side effects. The present review discusses the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical signs of contagious agalactia in small ruminants along with trends and advances in its diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, prevention, and control strategies that will help in countering this disease.