The Use and Abuse of Antibiotics and the Development of Antibiotic Resistance
The Use and Abuse of Antibiotics and the Development of Antibiotic Resistance
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4419-0981-7_6
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gaur, Aditya H.
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文献类型：
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作者：
English, B. Keith;Gaur, Aditya H.
日益严重的抗生素耐药性问题使许多传染病的常规治疗变得具有挑战性，在极少数情况下甚至不可能。这一问题的普遍性导致一些专家猜测“后抗生素时代”。此外，尽管抗生素耐药性在自然界中发生，并且是即使是最谨慎的抗生素使用的不可避免的结果，但很明显，我们对抗生素的过度使用和误用是最近抗生素耐药性增加的主要原因（McGowan，1983; Austin等人，1999; Arnold和Straus，2005）。明智和合理的抗生素使用有可能限制临床上重要的抗生素耐药性的出现，并且可能能够减少已经发展的耐药性的影响，有效地延长今天（和明天）抗生素的保质期（Dowell等人，1988年）。尽管如此，抗药性病原体所构成的威胁一直是现代医学的警钟-开发新的抗生素很重要，但在可行的情况下，预防传染病的策略（通过免疫或其他公共卫生措施）总是更可取的。
The growing problem of antibiotic resistance has made the formerly routine therapy of many infectious diseases challenging, and, in rare cases, impossible. The widespread nature of the problem has led some experts to speculate about a “post-antibiotic era.” Furthermore, though antibiotic resistance occurs in nature and is an inevitable consequence of even the most prudent antibiotic use, it is clear that our overuse and misuse of antibiotics is responsible for most of the recent increases in antibiotic resistance (McGowan, 1983; Austin et al., 1999; Arnold and Straus, 2005). Judicious and rational antibiotic use has the potential to limit the emergence of clinically important antibiotic resistance and may be able to reduce the impact of resistance that has already developed, effectively prolonging the shelf life of today’s (and tomorrow’s) antibiotics (Dowell et al., 1988). Nonetheless, the threat posed by antibiotic-resistant pathogens has been a wakeup call for modern medicine – developing new antibiotics is important but strategies to prevent infectious diseases (by immunization or other public health measures) will always be preferable when feasible.