The point of no return in vetoing self-initiated movements
The point of no return in vetoing self-initiated movements
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1513569112
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Schultze-Kraft;Daniel Birman;M. Rusconi;C. Allefeld;Kai Görgen;Sven Dähne;B. Blankertz;J. Haynes
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Schultze-Kraft;Daniel Birman;M. Rusconi;C. Allefeld;Kai Görgen;Sven Dähne;B. Blankertz;J. Haynes
意义许多研究表明，运动是由早期的大脑信号。关于受试者是否仍然可以在这些早期信号出现后取消运动，一直存在争议。我们测试了受试者是否能在一场“决斗”中获胜，这场决斗的对手是一个脑机接口，该接口旨在通过观察受试者的脑电图活动来预测他们真实的运动。我们的研究结果表明，即使在这一准备过程开始后，受试者也可以行使“否决权”。然而，否决权必须在达到不可逆转的地步之前发生，在这一点之后，参与者不能避免行动。在人类中，自发运动通常是在早期大脑信号之前。一个这样的信号是准备电位（RP），它在运动前的最后一秒内逐渐出现。一个重要的问题是，人们是否能够取消运动后，这样的RP的启发，如果是这样，直到哪个时间点。在这里，受试者玩了一个游戏，他们试图按下一个按钮，以赚取积分，在一个挑战与脑机接口（BCI），已被训练，以检测他们的RP在真实的时间，并发出停止信号。我们的数据表明，即使在RP发作后，受试者仍然可以否决运动。如果停止信号在运动开始前200 ms之前发生，则可能取消运动，从而构成不返回点。
Significance Many studies have shown that movements are preceded by early brain signals. There has been a debate as to whether subjects can still cancel a movement after onset of these early signals. We tested whether subjects can win a “duel” against a brain–computer interface designed to predict their movements in real time from observations of their EEG activity. Our findings suggest that subjects can exert a “veto” even after onset of this preparatory process. However, the veto has to occur before a point of no return is reached after which participants cannot avoid moving. In humans, spontaneous movements are often preceded by early brain signals. One such signal is the readiness potential (RP) that gradually arises within the last second preceding a movement. An important question is whether people are able to cancel movements after the elicitation of such RPs, and if so until which point in time. Here, subjects played a game where they tried to press a button to earn points in a challenge with a brain–computer interface (BCI) that had been trained to detect their RPs in real time and to emit stop signals. Our data suggest that subjects can still veto a movement even after the onset of the RP. Cancellation of movements was possible if stop signals occurred earlier than 200 ms before movement onset, thus constituting a point of no return.