PATTERN VISION IN YOUNG INFANTS
PATTERN VISION IN YOUNG INFANTS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf03393306
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发表时间：
1958-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
FANTZ, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FANTZ, RL
结果对照三角形对和十字、圆形对都没有引起一致的视觉偏好。另一方面，两组呈现不同类型和程度图案的结果在连续的测试中是一致的，并且在所有10周会议的总得分中，19名婴儿比正方形更关注棋盘，相比之下只有3名婴儿更喜欢正方形。使用大方块或小方块暴露的结果是相似的。20个s在靶心上的时间得分更高，而在条纹上的时间得分只有2个。这两种偏好都很重要。00l的水平，表明区分模式的能力在前六个月就存在了。图2显示了两对模式的发展曲线，它们给出了显著的总体结果。在8周左右，对棋盘的偏好明显增加。八周后，从条纹到靶心的偏好发生了逆转。后一种变化是一个出乎意料和无法解释的发现，尽管它是结果中最一致的方面之一。在第一次测试的12个婴儿中，在8周之前，所有的婴儿都表现出从条纹到靶心的偏好明显逆转。10个大一点的婴儿都表现出一致的靶心偏好。偏好的改变不可能是由实验过程中测试程序、实验条件或刺激模式的未知变化引起的，因为它发生在不同Ss的不同日期，并且具有重复的模式集。如图3所示，偏好反转与测试经验的多少无关。这是每个s第一次测试的年龄和偏好得分之间的散点图。在7周以下的16只s中，只有2只比条纹更关注靶心，而7周以上的14只都是如此。在第一次测试中，棋盘偏好随年龄的增加不像其他变化那样一致，但在第一次测试中仍然显著。05年的水平。在7周以下的ló婴儿中，10个喜欢棋盘，14个大一点的婴儿中，11个喜欢棋盘
ResultsNeither the control pair of triangles nor the cross and circle elicted consistent visual preferences. On the other hand, the two pairs presenting variations in type and degree of patterning gave results which were consistent both in successive tests and between Ss. ln total scores for all ten weekly sessions, 19 infants fixated the checkerboard more than the square, compared to only 3 favoring the square. The results were similar for exposures using the large or small squares. Twenty Ss showed higher time scores for the bull's-eye, compared to two for the stripes. Both preferences are significant at the. 00l level, indicating that the ability to discriminate patterns was present during the first six months of age. Fig. 2 shows developmental curves for the two pairs of patterns which gave significant overall results. An increase in the checkerboard preference is evident around eight weeks. A reversal from a stripes to a bull's-eye preference was shown at eight weeks.The latter change was an unexpected and unexplained finding, although it is one of the most consistent aspects of the results. Of the 12 infants who were first tested before eight weeks of age, ll showed a clear reversal of preference from stripes to bull's eye. The 10 older infants all showed a consistent bull's-eye preference. The change of preference could not have been caused by an unknown change in testing procedure, experimental conditions, or stimulus patterns during the course of the experiment, since it occurred at widely varying dates for different Ss, and with duplicate sets of patterns. The preference reversal was not related to amount of testing experience, as may be seen in Fig. 3. This is a scatterplot between age and preference score for the first testing of each S. Of the 16 Ss under seven weeks, only 2 fixated the bull's-eye more than the stripes, while all 14 over seven weeks did so. The in-crease in checkerboard preference with age at first test was not as consistent as the other change, but still was significant at the. 05 level. Of the ló infants under 7 weeks, 10 preferred the checkerboard, of the 14 older infants, 11 pre-