Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and carcinogenicity of arsenic.
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and carcinogenicity of arsenic.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4613-0107-3_3
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
W. Pott;Stephen A. Benjamin;Raymond S. H. Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Pott;Stephen A. Benjamin;Raymond S. H. Yang
在历史上的文明中，砷一直享有权力和神秘的声誉，是一种既能产生良性结果又能产生邪恶结果的手段。埃及和阿拉伯的炼金术士可能是最早评估其属性的人之一，他们相信它可以将不太有价值的金属和矿石转化为银和金（Azcue和Nriagu 1994）。它作为一种强效毒药的恶名也促成了它丰富的历史遗产。公元55年，为了确保他对罗马王位的权利，尼禄用砷毒死了Britannicus （Jolliffe 1993; Gorby 1994）。亚里士多德和苏格拉底也意识到它的有毒特性（Gorby 1994）。从中世纪到19世纪中期，三氧化二砷在职业投毒者（相当于现代刺客）中是一种非常流行的杀人剂，以至于它被称为“继承粉”（Jolliffe 1993； Azcue和Nriagu 1994； Gorby 1994）。到19世纪末，砷作为一种毒药的流行程度开始下降，至少部分原因可能是由于在人体组织和体液中检测砷的灵敏可靠的化验方法的发展（Hindmarsh和McCurdy 1986； Jolliffe 1993; Gorby 1994）。
In civilizations throughout history, arsenic has enjoyed a reputation of power and mystery, a means of effecting outcomes both virtuous and sinister in intent. Egyptian and Arabic alchemists were perhaps among the earliest to value its properties, believing that it could mediate the transmutation of less valuable metals and ores into silver and gold (Azcue and Nriagu 1994). Its notoriety as a powerful poison has also contributed to its rich historical legacy. In 55 A.D., to secure his right to the Roman throne, Nero used arsenic to poison Britannicus (Jolliffe 1993; Gorby 1994). Aristotle and Socrates were aware of its toxic characteristics as well (Gorby 1994). From the Middle Ages through the mid-1800s, arsenic trioxide was such a popular homicidal agent among professional poisoners, the equivalent of modern-day assassins, that it became known as “inheritance powder” (Jolliffe 1993; Azcue and Nriagu 1994; Gorby 1994). Toward the end of the nineteenth century, arsenic’s popularity as a poison began to fade, likely at least in part because of the development of sensitive and dependable assays for its detection in body tissues and fluids (Hindmarsh and McCurdy 1986; Jolliffe 1993; Gorby 1994).