The shape of aroma: Measuring and modeling citrus oil gland distribution
The shape of aroma: Measuring and modeling citrus oil gland distribution
复制标题
香气的形状：柑橘油腺分布的测量和建模
DOI：
10.1002/ppp3.10333
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chitwood, Daniel H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amézquita, Erik J.;Quigley, Michelle Y.;Ophelders, Tim;Seymour, Danelle;Munch, Elizabeth;Chitwood, Daniel H.
柑橘与人类健康和文化有着内在的联系，可以预防坏血病等人类疾病，并激发神圣的仪式。柑橘类水果有着惊人的数量不同的大小和形状，从小柑橘到超大的柚子，水果显示出各种各样的味道和香味。这些品质在传统和现代医学以及清洁和香水产品的生产中都是关键。通过对柑橘果实的整体形状和油腺分布进行量化和建模，我们可以进一步了解柑橘的发育以及驯化和改良对果实多个特性的影响。柑橘油腺特别含有精油，其包括与风味和香气相关的植物次级代谢物。捕获和分析柑橘果实形状及其油腺分布背后的细微信息，为我们进一步深入了解表型-基因型相互作用提供了形态学驱动的途径。我们基于3D X射线计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描重建研究了51个柑橘品种的果实形状。加入包括三个祖先柑橘物种以及相关属的成员，和几个种间杂种。我们数字化地分离和比较果实内果皮、中果皮、外果皮和油腺组织的大小。基于油腺的中心，整体果实形状近似于椭圆形。可能的油腺分布在这个椭圆形的表面上探索使用定向statistics.There是一个很强的异速生长沿着水果组织，也就是说，我们观察到任何对主要组织的对数体积之间的强线性关系。这表明，果实组织相对于彼此的相对生长遵循幂律。我们还观察到，平均而言，腺体距离最近的邻居的平方根关系，这表明正常的扩散动态playing.The观察到的异速生长和平方根模型点存在的生物物理发展的限制，从进化和育种的角度来管理水果尺寸之间的新关系。了解这些生物物理相互作用提示水果发育和育种的一个令人兴奋的研究路径。
Societal Impact StatementCitrus are intrinsically connected to human health and culture, preventing human diseases like scurvy and inspiring sacred rituals. Citrus fruits come in a stunning number of different sizes and shapes, ranging from small clementines to oversized pummelos, and fruits display a vast diversity of flavors and aromas. These qualities are key in both traditional and modern medicine and in the production of cleaning and perfume products. By quantifying and modeling overall fruit shape and oil gland distribution, we can gain further insight into citrus development and the impacts of domestication and improvement on multiple characteristics of the fruit.SummaryCitrus come in diverse sizes and shapes, and play a key role in world culture and economy. Citrus oil glands in particular contain essential oils which include plant secondary metabolites associated with flavor and aroma. Capturing and analyzing nuanced information behind the citrus fruit shape and its oil gland distribution provide a morphology‐driven path to further our insight into phenotype–genotype interactions.We investigated the shape of citrus fruit of 51 accessions based on 3D X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scan reconstructions. Accessions include members of the three ancestral citrus species as well as related genera, and several interspecific hybrids. We digitally separate and compare the size of fruit endocarp, mesocarp, exocarp, and oil gland tissue. Based on the centers of the oil glands, overall fruit shape is approximated with an ellipsoid. Possible oil gland distributions on this ellipsoid surface are explored using directional statistics.There is a strong allometry along fruit tissues; that is, we observe a strong linear relationship between the logarithmic volume of any pair of major tissues. This suggests that the relative growth of fruit tissues with respect to each other follows a power law. We also observe that on average, glands distance themselves from their nearest neighbor following a square root relationship, which suggests normal diffusion dynamics at play.The observed allometry and square root models point to the existence of biophysical developmental constraints that govern novel relationships between fruit dimensions from both evolutionary and breeding perspectives. Understanding these biophysical interactions prompts an exciting research path on fruit development and breeding.