Forest genomics: Advancing climate adaptation, forest health, productivity, and conservation
Forest genomics: Advancing climate adaptation, forest health, productivity, and conservation
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.12902
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Aitken, Sally N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isabel, Nathalie;Holliday, Jason A.;Aitken, Sally N.
森林生态系统提供重要的生态服务和资源，从生物多样性的栖息地到环境友好型产品的生产，并在全球碳循环中发挥关键作用。人类正指望森林吸收和储存全球人为产生的二氧化碳的很大一部分。然而，前所未有的气候变化、森林砍伐和意外传入的入侵昆虫和疾病正在威胁森林的健康和生产力，以及它们提供这些服务的能力。为了预测树木种群的适应能力，为森林管理和保护决策提供信息，并改善能够抵御21世纪挑战的生产性树木的育种，需要了解遗传多样性、局部适应和关键性状的遗传控制。基因组学方法已经很好地加速了非模式树种遗传和进化基础知识的产生，并推进了它们在解决这些挑战方面的应用。本期《进化应用》特刊收录了14篇论文，展示了广泛的基因组方法的价值，这些方法可用于更好地了解森林树木的生物学，包括广泛分布和用于木材生产的物种，以及其他受威胁或濒危的物种，或具有重要生态作用的物种。我们强调了一些主要的进展，从了解3亿年前裸子植物从被子植物中分离出来以来的基因组进化，到利用基因组选择加速树木健康和生产力的育种。我们还讨论了应用基因组工具解决关于森林树木的长期问题的一些挑战和未来方向。
Forest ecosystems provide important ecological services and resources, from habitat for biodiversity to the production of environmentally friendly products, and play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Humanity is counting on forests to sequester and store a substantial portion of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide produced globally. However, the unprecedented rate of climate change, deforestation, and accidental importation of invasive insects and diseases are threatening the health and productivity of forests, and their capacity to provide these services. Knowledge of genetic diversity, local adaptation, and genetic control of key traits is required to predict the adaptive capacity of tree populations, inform forest management and conservation decisions, and improve breeding for productive trees that will withstand the challenges of the 21st century. Genomic approaches have well accelerated the generation of knowledge of the genetic and evolutionary underpinnings of nonmodel tree species, and advanced their applications to address these challenges. This special issue of Evolutionary Applications features 14 papers that demonstrate the value of a wide range of genomic approaches that can be used to better understand the biology of forest trees, including species that are widespread and managed for timber production, and others that are threatened or endangered, or serve important ecological roles. We highlight some of the major advances, ranging from understanding the evolution of genomes since the period when gymnosperms separated from angiosperms 300 million years ago to using genomic selection to accelerate breeding for tree health and productivity. We also discuss some of the challenges and future directions for applying genomic tools to address long-standing questions about forest trees.