The Evolution of Manor Courts in Medieval England, c. 1250-1350: The Evidence of the Personal Actions
The Evolution of Manor Courts in Medieval England, c. 1250-1350: The Evidence of the Personal Actions
复制标题
中世纪英国庄园法院的演变，c。
DOI：
10.1080/01440365.2020.1731189
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Briggs C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Briggs C
在中世纪的英格兰，地主为佃户和其他当地人举办的庄园法庭有成千上万。关于这些机构在1350年前几十年的鼎盛时期的特点，争论一直存在。本文使用了一个包含数百个庄园个人诉讼的新数据库——这些诉讼处理的领域大致相当于现代侵权法和合同法——来探索庄园法院的工作，并重建它们在第一个世纪的发展，它们的诉讼记录保存了下来。有人认为，尽管庄园法院之间的地方差异仍然存在，但总体而言，存在一个广泛的“趋同”过程。然而，这不仅仅是一种自上而下的发展，涉及从普通法法院传递实践，或由律师或房东传达外部规则。相反，庄园法院的追求者、诉讼人和陪审员在这一过程中起着决定性的作用。
Manor courts held by landlords for their tenants and other local people existed in their thousands across medieval England. Debate persists concerning the character of these institutions during their heyday in the decades before 1350. This article uses a new database containing hundreds of manorial personal actions – lawsuits which treated areas roughly equivalent to modern tort and contract law – to explore the work of the manor courts, and to reconstruct their development over the first century for which records of their proceedings survive. It is argued that although local variation among manor courts persisted, overall there was a broad process of ‘convergence’. Yet this was not simply a top-down development involving the transmission of practices from the courts of common law, or the communication of external rules by lawyers or landlords. Instead, the suitors, litigants and jurors of the manor courts played a decisive role in this process.