Could alluvial knickpoint retreat rather than fire drive the loss of alluvial wet monsoon forest, tropical northern Australia?

Could alluvial knickpoint retreat rather than fire drive the loss of alluvial wet monsoon forest, tropical northern Australia?
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澳大利亚北部热带地区冲积湿季风森林的消失是由冲积层退缩而不是火灾造成的吗?

DOI:
10.1002/esp.3933
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Larsen
Larsen
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Larsen;Vincent;Heckmann;Fuelling;Larsen

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在短暂的半干旱河流中,通过冲积裂缝点向上游迁移的排水恢复是常见的,但尚未对热带河流进行描述。在澳大利亚季风热带地区(AMT),湿季风森林具有重要的生态功能,并且在桉树-稀树草原主导的景观中,沿着许多冲积山谷和泉水存在。利用激光雷达、遥感和实地证据的结合,我们通过水文地貌反馈观察到潮湿季风森林的持续破坏,以及北领地利奇菲尔德国家公园旺吉溪冲积裂缝点的向前退缩。由于旺吉溪下游的浅层含水层具有高透水性,这种裂缝点退缩导致下游河道水位下降,进而导致当地地下水位下降。由于地下水位的降低,浅水支流和原水饱和泥炭质洪泛区土壤发生干枯,导致植被密度降低。由此产生的干燥地表条件使得一年或两年一次的高频率低强度火灾影响季风森林,而裂口上游的潮湿雨林则保持完整。在本文中,我们认为这种水文地貌反馈可能会导致森林的初始不稳定,然后为火灾的影响提供必要的条件。因此,这一情景挑战了流行的观点,即火灾是研究区湿季风雨林空间范围的一级控制因素,并为AMT的进一步研究提供了一个新的可验证的假设。版权所有©2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd。
Drainage rejuvenation through headward migration of alluvial knickpoints is common in ephemeral semi‐arid streams, but has not yet been described for tropical rivers. In the Australian monsoon tropics (AMT), wet monsoon forests have an important ecological function, and are present along many alluvial valleys and springs within a eucalypt‐savanna dominated landscape. Using a combination of LiDAR, remote sensing and field evidence, we observe the ongoing destruction of wet monsoon forest through hydro‐geomorphic feedbacks, along with the headward retreat of an alluvial knickpoint at Wangi Creek in Litchfield National Park, Northern Territory. Due to the highly transmissive shallow aquifer along the lower Wangi Creek, this knickpoint retreat leads to a downstream drop in in‐channel water level, which in turn drives a decrease in the local groundwater table. The lowered groundwater level causes the shallow anabranches and formerly water saturated peaty floodplain soil to desiccate, which results in a reduction of vegetation density. The resulting dry surface conditions allow annual to bi‐annual high frequency low‐intensity fires to affect the monsoon forest, while wet rainforest upstream of the knickpoint remains intact. In this paper, we argue that such hydro‐geomorphic feedbacks may cause the initial destabilization of the forest, which then provides the necessary conditions for the impact of fire. This scenario thus challenges the prevalent view that fire is a first‐order control on the spatial extent of wet monsoonal rainforest in the study area, and provides a new and testable hypothesis for further studies in the AMT. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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