MLK3 phosphorylation by ERK1/2 is required for oxidative stress-induced invasion of colorectal cancer cells.

MLK3 phosphorylation by ERK1/2 is required for oxidative stress-induced invasion of colorectal cancer cells.
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DOI:
10.1038/onc.2017.396
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发表时间:
2018-02-22
期刊:
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Chadee DN
Chadee DN
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schroyer AL;Stimes NW;Abi Saab WF;Chadee DN

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混合谱系激酶 3 (MLK​​3) 在多种人类癌症的迁移和/或侵袭中发挥作用;然而,MLK3 在结直肠癌 (CRC) 侵袭中的作用尚不清楚。 MLK3 是一种丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 激酶激酶 (MAP3K),可通过激酶依赖性或非依赖性机制激活 MAPK 通路。人类结直肠肿瘤表现出活性氧(ROS)或氧化应激水平升高。 ROS,例如 H2O2,对于致癌作用很重要,并激活 MAPK 信号通路。在用 H2O2 处理的人结直肠癌 (HCT116) 细胞中,细胞外信号调节激酶 1 和 2 (ERK1/2) 被激活,并且 MLK3 在十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS-PAGE) 中表现出电泳迁移率降低(位移),但通过磷酸酶处理可消除这种现象。使用 ROS 清除剂 N-乙酰基-L-半胱氨酸 (NAC)、ERK1/2 抑制剂 UO126 或 ERK1/2 siRNA 敲低进行预处理可阻断 H2O2 诱导的 MLK3 转变,而使用 Cep1347 抑制 MLK3 则不会。在 H2O2 处理的 HCT116 细胞上进行的免疫共沉淀实验中,内源性 MLK3 与内源性 ERK1/2 和 B-Raf 相关。体外,活性 ERK1 磷酸化激酶死 FLAG-MLK3,而死激酶 FLAG-MLK3-S705A-S758A 的 ERK1 磷酸化降低。 MLK3 siRNA 敲低和 FLAG-MLK3-S705A-S758A 表达均降低 H2O2 处理细胞中 ERK1/2 的激活。长时间的 H2O2 处理会激活 ERK1/2 并促进结肠癌细胞的侵袭,而 MLK3 siRNA 敲低可减弱这种侵袭。此外,在 H2O2 处理的细胞中,与野生型 FLAG-MLK3 相比,S705A-S758A-FLAG-MLK3 表现出氧化应激诱导的结肠癌细胞侵袭减少,但与 GST-B-Raf 的相互作用增加。这些结果表明氧化应激刺激 MLK3 在 Ser705 和 Ser758 上的 ERK1/2 依赖性磷酸化,从而促进 MLK3 依赖性 B-Raf 和 ERK1/2 激活;这种正反馈环(PFL)增强了结肠癌细胞的侵袭。
Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) functions in migration and/or invasion of several human cancers; however, the role of MLK3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) invasion is unknown. MLK3 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAP3K) which activates MAPK pathways through either kinase-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Human colorectal tumors display increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxidative stress. ROS, such as H2O2, are important for carcinogenesis and activate MAPK signaling pathways. In human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cells treated with H2O2, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were activated and MLK3 exhibited reduced electrophoretic mobility (shift) in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which was eliminated by phosphatase treatment. Pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N- acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), the ERK1/2 inhibitor UO126, or ERK1/2 siRNA knockdown blocked the H2O2-induced shift of MLK3, while MLK3 inhibition with Cep1347 did not. In co-immunoprecipitation experiments performed on H2O2-treated HCT116 cells, endogenous MLK3 associated with endogenous ERK1/2 and B-Raf. Active ERK1 phosphorylated kinase dead FLAG-MLK3 in vitro, whereas ERK1 phosphorylation of kinase dead FLAG-MLK3-S705A-S758A was reduced. Both MLK3 siRNA knockdown and FLAG-MLK3-S705A-S758A expression decreased ERK1/2 activation in H2O2-treated cells. Prolonged H2O2 treatment activated ERK1/2 and promoted invasion of colon cancer cells, which was attenuated by MLK3 siRNA knockdown. Furthermore, S705A-S758A-FLAG-MLK3 demonstrated decreased oxidative-stress induced colon cancer cell invasion, but increased interaction with GST-B-Raf as compared to wild-type-FLAG-MLK3 in H2O2-treated cells. These results suggest oxidative stress stimulates an ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of MLK3 on Ser705 and Ser758, which promotes MLK3-dependent B-Raf and ERK1/2 activation; this positive feedback loop (PFL) enhances the invasion of colon cancer cells.
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