Review: Proteomic approaches to control lactational parameters in dairy cows
Review: Proteomic approaches to control lactational parameters in dairy cows
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DOI：
10.1017/s1751731118003476
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Eckersall, P. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eckersall, P. D.
使用蛋白质组学方法来研究牛奶蛋白质组的变化正在增长，并且已经平行于蛋白质组学中日益增长的技术发展，从早期的使用基于凝胶的二维分离方法的研究到目前关注的应用色谱和质谱的更定量方法。研究哺乳性能的蛋白质组学方法已经取得了实质性的发现，特别是在乳腺炎期间哺乳的改变。乳腺链球菌感染的实验模型已被用作一种手段，以确定不仅在牛奶蛋白质组的变化，而且在肽组和感染引起的代谢组。肽组（即分子量小于25 kDa的肽）的检查表明小肽增加，其中大部分是酪蛋白降解产物，但也包括小的生物活性肽，如乳腺相关血清淀粉样蛋白A3（MSAA 3）。肽组也已显示出根据天然发生的乳腺炎的病原菌而不同。使用非凝胶为基础的相对定量蛋白质组学方法揭示了乳腺炎牛奶中蛋白质组分的主要变化。色葡萄乳杆菌感染导致蛋白质如凯萨林菌素、触珠蛋白、MSAA 3的浓度增加，并降低乳中蛋白质如黄嘌呤氧化酶、亲丁酸蛋白和β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶的含量。对所有蛋白质变化数据的分析确定了急性期、凝血和补体途径以及与胆汁酸代谢相关的蛋白质是最受修饰的。使用代谢组学方法对乳汁中的小分子量有机分子进行检查，发现乳腺炎期间乳汁中胆汁酸（如牛磺鹅去氧胆酸）含量增加。在对乳腺感染作出反应的代谢物中也发现了显著的变化。碳水化合物和核酸代谢物减少，而脂质和含氮代谢物增加。后者包括氨基酸沿着二肽和三肽的增加，可能是酪蛋白降解的结果。蛋白质组学和其他组学技术的使用在哺乳参数的研究中尚处于起步阶段，但已经可以提供对疾病所涉及的变化的额外见解，并将在哺乳的生理和营养研究中具有进一步的价值。
The use of a proteomic approach to investigate changes in the milk proteome is growing and has parralleled the increasing technological developments in proteomics moving from early investigation using a gel-based two-dimensional separation approach to more quantitative method of current focus applying chromatography and mass spectrometry. Proteomic approaches to investigate lactational performance have made substantial findings especially in the alterations in lactation during mastitis. An experimental model of Streptococcus uberis infection of the mammary gland has been used as a means to determine change not only in the milk proteome, but also in the peptidome and in the metabolome caused by the infection. Examination of the peptidome, that is the peptides of less than 25 kDa in molecular weight, demonstrated an increase in small peptides most of which were casein degradation products but also included small bioactive peptides such as mammary-associated serum amyloid A3 (MSAA3). The peptidome has also been shown to differ depending on the causative bacteria of naturally occuring mastitis. The use of a non-gel-based relative quantitative proteomic methodology has revealed major changes in the protein component of milk in mastitis. The S. uberis infection lead to increases in the concentrations of proteins such as cathelicidins, haptoglobin, MSAA3 and decreases milk content of proteins such as xanthine oxidase, butyrophilin and beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Analysis of all protein change data identified the acute phase, coagulation and complement pathways as well as proteins related to bile acid metabolism as being most modified. Examination of the small molecular weight organic molecules of milk using a metabolomic approach identified an increase in the content in milk during mastitis of bile acids such as taurochenodeoxycholic acid. Notable changes were also found in metabolites responding to infection of the mammary gland. Carbohydrate and nucleic acid metabolites were reduced, whereas lipid and nitrogen containing metabolites were increased. The latter included increases in amino acids along with di and tri peptides, likely to be the result of casein degradation. The use of proteomics and other omic technology is in its infancy in investigation of lactational parameters, but can already provide additional insight into the changes involved in disease and will have further value in physiological and nutritional investigation of lactation.