EMERGENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEX-DIFFERENCES IN SPATIAL ABILITY - A META-ANALYSIS
EMERGENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEX-DIFFERENCES IN SPATIAL ABILITY - A META-ANALYSIS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00213.x
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
PETERSEN, AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LINN, MC;PETERSEN, AC
空间能力的性别差异已被广泛承认，但围绕这些差异的程度、性质和首次出现的年龄存在相当大的争议。本文重点讨论关于空间能力性别差异的 3 个问题：(a) 空间能力性别差异的大小是多少？ (b) 空间能力的哪些方面存在性别差异？ (c) 在生命周期中，何时首次发现空间能力的性别差异？讨论了澄清空间能力性别差异与男性和女性之间其他差异之间联系的意义。我们使用荟萃分析（一种综合实证研究的方法）来研究这些问题。荟萃分析的结果表明，（a）性别差异出现在某些类型的空间能力上，而不是其他类型；（b）仅在心理旋转测量中发现较大的性别差异；（c）在空间感知测量中发现较小的性别差异；（d）当发现性别差异时，可以在整个生命周期中检测到它们。
Sex differences in spatial ability are widely acknowledged, yet considerable dispute surrounds the magnitude, nature, and age of first occurrence of these differences. This article focuses on 3 questions about sex differences in spatial ability: (a) What is the magnitude of sex differences in spatial ability? (b) On which aspects of spatial ability are sex differences found? and (c) When, in the life span, are sex differences in spatial ability first detected?. Implications for clarifying the linkage between sex differences in spatial ability and other differences between males and females are discussed. We use meta-analysis, a method for synthesizing empirical studies, to investigate these questions. Results of the meta-analysis suggest (a) that sex differences arise on some type of spatial ability but not others, (b) that large sex differences are found only on measures of mental rotation, (c) that smaller sex differences are found on measures of spatial perception, and (d) that, when sex differences are found, they can be detected across the life span.