Tumbling Snow: Vulnerability to Avalanches in the Soviet North
Tumbling Snow: Vulnerability to Avalanches in the Soviet North
复制标题
翻滚的雪：苏联北部容易发生雪崩
DOI：
10.1093/envhis/emt064
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Andy Bruno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andy Bruno
1935年12月5日，苏联希宾尼山脉发生一系列灾难性雪崩，造成89人死亡。受害者包括一个新工业企业的矿工、被迫的农民移民，以及居住在Iukspor山脚下匆忙建造的木制建筑物中的工人家属。在这篇文章中，我认为，斯大林主义的快速工业化政策和在这片遥远的北领地上的定居直接加剧了人类在这场悲剧发生前几年对雪崩的脆弱性。灾难发生后，工业领袖、科学家和国家规划者开始寻求一种相对有效的战略来减轻山坡灾害。这部灾难史为苏联的环境史和共产主义国家在全球背景下的经验提供了一个新的视角。我表明，与斯大林主义工业化相关的不同进程产生了风险，而独裁国家的行为者减少了脆弱性。
On December 5, 1935, a series of catastrophic avalanches in the Khibiny Mountains in the Soviet Union took eighty-nine lives. The victims included miners for a new industrial enterprise, forced peasant migrants, and the families of workers who had resided in hastily constructed wooden buildings at the foothill of Mount Iukspor. In this article I argue that Stalinist policies of rapid industrialization and settlement of this far northern territory directly heightened human vulnerability to snow avalanches in the years leading up to this tragedy. After the disaster, industrial leaders, scientists, and state planners began to pursue a relatively effective strategy to mitigate mountain-slope hazards. This disaster history offers a new perspective on the environmental history of the Soviet Union and the experience of communist countries in a global context. I show that distinct processes related to Stalinist industrialization generated risk, and actors in an authoritarian state curtailed vulnerability.