Africa [Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria] [Ethnicity and Sub-Nationalism in Nigeria]
Africa [Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria] [Ethnicity and Sub-Nationalism in Nigeria]
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非洲 [尼日利亚的联邦制和种族冲突] [尼日利亚的种族和次民族主义]
DOI：
10.2307/40203642
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Michael Vickers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. B. Ejobowah;R. Suberu;Michael Vickers
《尼日利亚的联邦主义与民族冲突》Rotimi Suberu Washington DC：United States Institute of Peace Press，2001，xxvi，247 pp，$14.95，ISBN 1-929223-28- 5 Ethnicity AND Sub-Nationalism IN Nigeriamichael VickersOxford：WorldView，2000年，xviii，410页，[符号未转录]49.95布（ISBN 1-872142-43-5），[Symbol Not Transcribed]29.95 paper（ISBN 1-872142-44-3）这些雄心勃勃的卷解决尼日利亚联邦制的发展和复杂的内部挑战，它。迈克尔维克斯提供了一个全面的治疗前，独立后，少数民族立即进行斗争，要求将当时的三区安排改组为一个使他们在联邦内成为州的安排。Rotimi Suberu探讨了收入分配，国家创建，政治代表和人口计数的问题，一直是尼日利亚联邦设计的中心。维克斯提供了丰富的信息，有关演变，发展和胜利的中西部国家运动在一个时代，多数群体精英举行否决权的政治要求少数，国际准则反对国家以下一级群体的自决。他深刻地指出，除了与贝宁的不同历史联系外，西部地区的各少数群体并不团结。他详细描述了贝宁的奥巴人如何巡视所有少数民族地区，试图建立一个泛中西部的统一体（第76-82页）。维克斯指出，这个发明项目的成功有限，因为伊采基里人、西部的伊贾人和西部的伊博人拒绝成为一个新国家的一部分，在这个新国家里，他们将被边缘化。没有一个明确的领土，中西部运动几乎无法在1957年至1958年的少数民族委员会面前证明一个案例。在东部和北部也出现了同样的困难，那里有分离主义者的要求。在维克的丰富叙述中，委员会忽略了一个重要的理由，那就是委员会拒绝了建国的要求：拟议中的国家包含了一些倾向于退出的群体，而且很难在不产生新的少数民族的情况下划定一个明确的边界。虽然中西部州是在1963年根据宪法建立的，但不久之后就出现了分离主义运动，并最终在1991年让位给三角洲和江户州。尽管如此，阿尼奥马和真正的三角洲国家仍然面临着持续的压力。这代表了该国其他地区的情况，在这些地区，多数群体不断受到区分，并在不同的州得到承认。…
FEDERALISM AND ETHNIC CONFLICT IN NIGERIARotimi SuberuWashington DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2001, xxvi, 247pp, $14.95, ISBN 1-929223-28-5ETHNICITY AND SUB-NATIONALISM IN NIGERIAMichael VickersOxford: WorldView, 2000, xviii, 410pp, [Symbol Not Transcribed]49.95 cloth (ISBN 1-872142-43-5), [Symbol Not Transcribed]29.95 paper (ISBN 1-872142-44-3)These ambitious volumes address the development of Nigerian federalism and the complex internal challenges to it. Michael Vickers offers a comprehensive treatment of the pre- and immediate post-independence struggles by ethnic minorities for a restructuring of the then tri-regional arrangement into one that would give them statehood within the federation. Rotimi Suberu explores issues of revenue allocation, state creation, political representation, and population enumeration that have been at the centre of Nigerian federal design.Vickers provides a wealth of information concerning the evolution, development, and triumph of the Midwest State movement in an age when majority group elites held veto powers over political demands of minorities, and international norms were against self-determination for subnational groups. He makes the insightful observation that, apart from separate historical links with Benin, the various minority groups of the western region were not united. He provides a detailed account of how the Oba of Benin toured all the minority areas to try to forge a pan-midwest unity (pp 76-82).This invention project, Vickers shows, had limited success as the Itsekiri, the western Ijaw, and the western Ibo refused to be part of a new state in which they would be marginalized. Without a defined territory, the midwest movement could barely prove a case before the Minorities Commission of 1957-8. The same difficulty arose in the east and the north where there were separatist demands. What is missing from Vicker's rich narrative is the Commission's major justification for dismissing the state creation demands: the proposed states contained groups that preferred to opt out, and it was difficult to draw a definite boundary without creating fresh minorities with new demands.The fears of the Commission seem to have been justified. Although the Midwest state was constitutionally created in 1963, separatist movements emerged soon after, and it finally gave way in 1991 to Delta and Edo states. Still, there are ongoing pressures for Anioma and True Delta states. This is representative of the rest of the country where majority subgroups are continuously differentiating and receiving recognition in separate states. …