X-inactivation analysis in the 1990s: promise and potential problems
X-inactivation analysis in the 1990s: promise and potential problems
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/sj.leu.2400936
复制
发表时间：
1998-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Gilliland, DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Busque, L;Gilliland, DG
X染色体失活克隆性分析是玛丽里昂的基本观察的一个巧妙的应用，即在发育中的雌性胚胎细胞中，超过一条的每条X染色体随机失活。[1]近三十年前进行了第一次克隆性研究，以调查人类肿瘤的性质，2-4并开辟了一个肥沃的研究领域，使研究人员能够解开现代肿瘤学的一些基本原则。目前的十年特别多产，进行了最多数量的克隆性研究，积累了前所未有的数据量。这可能主要归因于更新的、信息量更大的克隆性试验的开发，该试验允许在大多数雌性动物中进行X-灭活分析。虽然新的信息有时证实，有时与早期的结论相矛盾，但它主要开辟了癌症生物学和造血研究的许多新途径。本文就X射线失活技术、正常人群非随机X射线失活的病因学以及人类肿瘤研究的最新进展作一综述。我们将概述下一个十年应该解决的问题和潜在问题。
X-inactivation clonality analysis is a clever application of Mary Lyon’s fundamental observation that each X-chromosome in excess of one is randomly inactivated in cells of the developing female embryos. 1 The first clonality studies performed to investigate the nature of human neoplasms were done almost three decades ago, 2–4 and have opened a fertile field of investigation that has allowed investigators to unravel some of the basic tenets of modern oncology. The current decade has been particularly prolific with the largest number of clonality studies performed yet, and the accumulation of an unprecedented quantity of data. This can be primarily attributed to the development of newer, more informative clonality assays, which allow X-inactivation analysis to be performed in the majority of females. Although the new information has sometimes confirmed and sometimes contradicted earlier conclusions, it has mainly opened many novel avenues of investigation in cancer biology and hematopoiesis. In this paper, we will review the recent progress made in X-inactivation techniques, in the etiology of nonrandom X-inactivation occurring in the normal population, and in the study of human neoplasms. We will outline the questions and potential problems that should be addressed in the next decade.